Strategies for developing NADH detectors based on Meldola Blue and screen-printed electrodes: a comparative study.

Three strategies have been compared to produce screen-printed amperometric detectors for NADH: mixing Meldola Blue (MB) in the screen-printing ink, incorporation of MB-Reinecke salt (MBRS) in the graphite ink and electrodeposition of films of MB-derived polymer (poly (MB)) on electrode surface. Following modification of graphite electrodes the mediators displayed values of the formal potential E degrees ' from -0.129 to -0.160 V vs. Ag/AgCl and pK(a)s of 5.09-6.02. A second redox couple with E degrees '=-0.450 V vs. Ag/AgCl was observed in cyclic voltammetry experiments with poly (MB) sensors or with old electrodes obtained according to the other two strategies. Electropolymerisation of MB allowed to achieve the best operational stability and best detection limit, 2 x 10(-6) M, for amperometric detection of NADH, while the most extended linear range, 1 x 10(-5)-7.5 x 10(-4) M, corresponds to sensors with MBRS. MB and MBRS electrodes were compared with a similar NADH detector produced by Gwent Electronic Materials, England. Several characteristics of the modified-electrodes induced by the fabrication by screen-printing were also highlighted.

[1]  John P. Hart,et al.  A disposable reagentless screen-printed amperometric biosensor for the measurement of alcohol in beverages , 1996 .

[2]  T. Skotheim,et al.  Amperometric glyceride biosensor , 1996 .

[3]  L. Gorton,et al.  Catalytic oxidation of NADH by surface-modified graphite electrodes , 1981 .

[4]  J. Kulys,et al.  Reagentless Biosensors for Substrates of Dehydrogenases , 1991 .

[5]  Jean-Louis Marty,et al.  Chronoamperometric determination of d-lactate using screen-printed enzyme electrodes , 2001 .

[6]  M. Boujtita,et al.  A carbon paste electrode modified by entrapped toluidine blue-O for amperometric determination of l-lactate , 1999 .

[7]  W. Schuhmann,et al.  Electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at mediator-modified electrode surfaces , 1993 .

[8]  G. Palleschi,et al.  Assembling and evaluation of new dehydrogenase enzyme electrode probes obtained by electropolymerization of aminobenzine isomers and PQQ on gold, platinum and carbon electrodes. , 1997, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[9]  H. Yoon,et al.  Development of a screen-printed amperometric biosensor for the determination of L-lactate dehydrogenase level. , 2002, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  H. Abruña,et al.  Electrodeposition of Redox-Active Films of Dihydroxybenzaldehydes and Related Analogs and Their Electrocatalytic Activity toward NADH Oxidation , 1996 .

[11]  H. Abruña,et al.  Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Transition Metal Complexes Containing 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Ligands , 1996 .

[12]  Arne Torstensson,et al.  A kinetic study of the reaction between dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and an electrode modified by adsorption of 1,2-benzophenoxazine-7-one , 1985 .

[13]  S. Dong,et al.  Functionalized inorganic–organic composite material derivated by sol–gel for construction of mediated amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor , 1999 .

[14]  Jean-Louis Marty,et al.  Screen-printed biosensors for the control of wine quality based on lactate and acetaldehyde determination , 2002 .

[15]  L. Gorton,et al.  A comparative study of some 3,7-diaminophenoxazine derivatives and related compounds for electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH , 1990 .

[16]  S García Mullor,et al.  Alcohol biosensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase and Meldola Blue immobilized into a carbon paste electrode. , 1996, Talanta.

[17]  N. Mano,et al.  Cation induced amplification of the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH by immobilized nitro-fluorenone derivatives , 2001 .

[18]  Hongyuan Chen,et al.  Electrochemical polymerization of toluidine blue and its application for the amperometric determination of β-d-glucose , 1998 .

[19]  A. Turner,et al.  Amperometric biosensor for formic acid in air , 2000 .

[20]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[21]  John P. Hart,et al.  Development of a disposable amperometric sensor for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based on a chemically modified screen-printed carbon electrode , 1994 .

[22]  K. Ravichandran,et al.  Chemically modified carbon paste electrodes , 1981 .

[23]  L. Mao,et al.  Glucose and choline on-line biosensors based on electropolymerized Meldola's blue. , 2000, Talanta.

[24]  N. Hampp,et al.  Poly(methylene blue)-modified thick-film gold electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH and their application in glucose biosensors. , 1996, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  H. S. Lee,et al.  Redox polymer-modified electrodes for the electrocatalytic regeneration of NAD , 1993 .

[26]  H. Abruña,et al.  Integrated ethanol biosensors based on carbon paste electrodes modified with [Re(phen-dione)(CO)3Cl] and [Fe(phen-dione)3](PF6)2 , 1999 .

[27]  B. Strehlitz,et al.  Mediator-modified electrodes for electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH , 1995 .

[28]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[29]  P. Tuñón,et al.  Electrocatalytic detection of nicotinamide coenzymes by poly(o-aminophenol)- and poly(o-phenylenediamine)-modified carbon paste electrodes , 1996 .

[30]  C. Cai,et al.  Electrocatalysis of NADH oxidation with electropolymerized films of nile blue A , 1997 .

[31]  D. Andreescu,et al.  Biosensors designed for environmental and food quality control based on screen-printed graphite electrodes with different configurations , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[32]  Lo Gorton,et al.  Chemically modified electrodes for the electrocatalytic oxidation of nicotinamide coenzymes , 1986 .

[33]  John P. Hart,et al.  A reagentless, disposable biosensor for lactic acid based on a screen-printed carbon electrode containing Meldola's Blue and coated with lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+ and cellulose acetate , 1995 .

[34]  G. Palleschi,et al.  Enzyme electrode probes obtained by electropolymerization of monomers with PMS and selected dehydrogenase enzymes. , 1997, Talanta.

[35]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Low-potential stable detection of β-NADH at sol–gel derived carbon composite electrodes , 1998 .

[36]  S. Saidman,et al.  Electrocatalytic detection of NADH and glycerol by NAD(+)-modified carbon electrodes. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[37]  H. Yamanaka,et al.  Reagentless biosensor for isocitrate using one step modified Pt-Ir microelectrode. , 2001, Talanta.

[38]  M. Batchelor,et al.  Amperometric assay for the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate , 1989 .