Latency of the stapedius muscle reflex in man.

WHEN a normal ear is exposed to a loud sound, the stapedius muscle in each ear will contract. This stapedius muscle reflex may be detected by a range or different procedures: (1) electromyographic registration by means of electrodes in the muscle or tendon; (2) optical detection by direct inspection of the eardrum or structures visible through a perforation in the eardrum; (3) measurement of changes in the sound transmission of the middle ear by recording of cochlear microphonics or recording of sound pressure in the external ear canal when sound is applied to the skull; (4) registration of changes in the acoustic impedance of the ear; (5) detection of variations in air pressure in the ear canal caused by eardrum movements. Investigation of the latency of the stapedius muscle reflex may also be performed by most of the above-mentioned procedures. This latency is defined as the time interval between the

[1]  G. Djupesland.  Electromyography of the Tympanic Muscles in Man , 1965 .

[2]  O. Jepsen,et al.  Measurement of Acoustic Impedance by a New Principle, Cross-Coupling , 1965 .

[3]  A. Starr,et al.  ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF MIDDLE EAR MUSCLES IN MAN DURING MOTOR ACTIVITIES , 1963, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[4]  S. Ingelstedt,et al.  Ear drum movements following stimulation of the middle ear muscles. , 1963, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[5]  U. Fisch,et al.  Electromyographic studies on the human stapedial muscle. , 1963, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[6]  H. Weiss,et al.  The normal human intra-aural muscle reflex in response to sound. , 1962, Acta Oto-Laryngologica.

[7]  E. S. Mendelson.  Improved Method for Studying Tympanic Reflexes in Man , 1961 .

[8]  K. Terkildsen.  The intra-aural muscle reflexes in normal persons and in workers exposed to intense industrial noise. , 1960, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[9]  K. Terkildsen,et al.  An electroacoustic impedance measuring bridge for clinical use. , 1960, Archives of otolaryngology.

[10]  A. Møller.  Intra‐Aural muscle contraction in man, examined by measuring acoustic impedance of the ear , 1958, The Laryngoscope.

[11]  S. Kawata.  Judgement of recruitment by means of measuring the retraction grade of the tympanic membrane. , 1958, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[12]  Jozef J. Zwislocki,et al.  Some Impedance Measurements on Normal and Pathological Ears , 1957 .

[13]  E. S. Mendelson.  A sensitive method for registration of human intratympanic muscle reflexes. , 1957, Journal of applied physiology.

[14]  K. Terkildsen.  Movements of the eardrum following intra-aural muscle reflexes. , 1957, A.M.A. archives of otolaryngology.

[15]  H. Kobrak.  LXVII Experimental Observations on Sound Conduction in the Middle and Inner Ear , 1953, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[16]  O. Metz.  Studies on the contraction of the tympanic muscles as indicated by changes in the impedance of the ear. , 1951, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[17]  T. J. Case,et al.  LVII Latent Period of the Crossed Stapedius Reflex in Man , 1939 .