Chemical sensing based on membrane potential change induced by host-guest complexation at a membrane surface1

Abstract Three new principles for discrimination of organic guests by the membrane potential change are described, which are based on the host-guest recognition of charged groups, hydrogen bonding groups, or steric shapes of nonpolar moieties. (i) Potentiometric discrimination by the recognition of charged groups has been attained by liquid membrane type electrodes containing lipophilic macrocyclic polyamines as the sensory elements. These electrodes displayed potentiometric selectivities for organic anions according to the amount or proximity of negative charges. Thus, the strongest responses were observed for such guests as ATP4- having a large number of negative charges as well as maleate2- and phthalate2- having negative charges at the closest distance within the molecule. (ii) Potentiometric discrimination by the recognition of hydrogen bonding groups has been attained by an electrode containing a lipophilic cytosine-pendant triamine, which functions as a ditopic receptor for guanine nucleotides by a...

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