Emerging Role of ISG15 in Antiviral Immunity

Cells express a plethora of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to viral infection. Among these is ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that can be covalently attached to both host and viral proteins. Here we review recent advances toward understanding the role and mechanism of ISG15 modification in antiviral defense.

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[2]  J. Huibregtse,et al.  The ISG15 Conjugation System Broadly Targets Newly Synthesized Proteins: Implications for the Antiviral Function of ISG15 , 2010, Molecular Cell.

[3]  Y. Jeon,et al.  ISG15 and immune diseases , 2010, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.

[4]  R. Krug,et al.  Influenza B virus NS1 protein inhibits conjugation of the interferon (IFN)‐induced ubiquitin‐like ISG15 protein , 2001, The EMBO journal.

[5]  R. Krug,et al.  Species Specificity of the NS1 Protein of Influenza B Virus , 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[6]  K. Knobeloch,et al.  IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  S. Pestka,et al.  Elevated expression of ISG15 in tumor cells interferes with the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. , 2006, Cancer research.

[8]  Hualan Chen,et al.  Herc5 Attenuates Influenza A Virus by Catalyzing ISGylation of Viral NS1 Protein , 2010, The Journal of Immunology.

[9]  R. Krug,et al.  Interferon-Induced ISG15 Conjugation Inhibits Influenza A Virus Gene Expression and Replication in Human Cells , 2009, Journal of Virology.

[10]  K. Knobeloch,et al.  ISG15, an Interferon-Stimulated Ubiquitin-Like Protein, Is Not Essential for STAT1 Signaling and Responses against Vesicular Stomatitis and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[11]  Steven Gygi,et al.  Human ISG15 conjugation targets both IFN-induced and constitutively expressed proteins functioning in diverse cellular pathways. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  R. Schmidt,et al.  Identification of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 as an Antiviral Molecule during Sindbis Virus Infection In Vivo , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[13]  A. García-Sastre,et al.  Species-Specific Antagonism of Host ISGylation by the Influenza B Virus NS1 Protein , 2010, Journal of Virology.

[14]  Dong-er Zhang,et al.  Different Roles for Two Ubiquitin-like Domains of ISG15 in Protein Modification* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[15]  Dong-er Zhang,et al.  ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding activity of 4EHP. , 2007, Genes & development.

[16]  A. García-Sastre,et al.  Mice Lacking the ISG15 E1 Enzyme UbE1L Demonstrate Increased Susceptibility to both Mouse-Adapted and Non-Mouse-Adapted Influenza B Virus Infection , 2008, Journal of Virology.

[17]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[18]  Seung Hyeun Ka,et al.  ISG15 modification of filamin B negatively regulates the type I interferon‐induced JNK signalling pathway , 2009, EMBO reports.

[19]  Rei-Lin Kuo,et al.  ISG15 conjugation system targets the viral NS1 protein in influenza A virus–infected cells , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[20]  Yufei Shan,et al.  Positive Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Activation by Herc5 via ISG15 Modification , 2010, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[21]  E. Arutyunova,et al.  ISG15 Arg151 and the ISG15-Conjugating Enzyme UbE1L Are Important for Innate Immune Control of Sindbis Virus , 2008, Journal of Virology.