An energy‐aware scheduling algorithm for divisible loads in a bus network

The schedule of divisible loads is one of the most typical problems in the research and application of parallel and distributed systems. For these large‐scale systems, the energy consumption problem has drawn great attention in recent years because of falling hardware costs and the growing concern of energy costs. In computing‐intensive systems, energy is primarily consumed by CPUs, and dynamic voltage‐frequency scaling technology is capable of adjusting CPUs' speed as well as saving energy. In this paper, we focus on computing‐intensive applications and study the energy‐aware scheduling problem for divisible loads in a bus network. The energy‐speed model is introduced to characterize the problem based on dynamic voltage scaling, and the energy‐aware scheduling problem is analyzed in the application layer above the operating system. The problem can be formulated mathematically as a nonlinear programming problem, and the solution is achieved using the Lagrange multiplier method under Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Based on the analytical results, an energy‐aware scheduling scheme called ENERG for divisible loads is presented. Finally, the energy‐aware scheme is compared with two other schemes to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the energy savings of our algorithm. Additionally, the experimental results illustrate the influence of network transmission delay on energy consumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing , 2009 .

[2]  Phillipp Kaestner,et al.  Linear And Nonlinear Programming , 2016 .

[3]  Daniel Grosu,et al.  Ieee Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 1 Strategyproof Mechanisms for Scheduling Divisible Loads in Bus-networked Distributed Systems , 2022 .

[4]  David P. Bunde.  Power-aware scheduling for makespan and flow , 2006, SPAA '06.

[5]  Alan Jay Smith,et al.  Improving dynamic voltage scaling algorithms with PACE , 2001, SIGMETRICS '01.

[6]  Thomas G. Robertazzi,et al.  Ten Reasons to Use Divisible Load Theory , 2003, Computer.

[7]  R.W. Brodersen,et al.  A dynamic voltage scaled microprocessor system , 2000, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[8]  Henri Casanova,et al.  Scheduling divisible loads on star and tree networks: results and open problems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[9]  Bharadwaj Veeravalli,et al.  Access Time Minimization for Distributed Multimedia Applications , 2000, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[10]  Daniel Grosu,et al.  A Strategyproof Mechanism for Scheduling Divisible Loads in Linear Networks , 2005 .

[11]  Alan Jay Smith,et al.  Operating System Modifications for Task-Based Speed and Voltage , 2003, MobiSys '03.

[12]  Mohamed El-Darieby,et al.  Towards Network-Aware Divisible Load Theory for Optical Grids , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications.

[13]  T.G. Robertazzi,et al.  Signature search time evaluation in flat file databases , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[14]  Bharadwaj Veeravalli,et al.  On Handling Large-Scale Polynomial Multiplications in Compute Cloud Environments using Divisible Load Paradigm , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[15]  Sreenivaas V.L.,et al.  A Novel Dvs Algorithm for Distributed Fusion Sensor System , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering.

[16]  Debasish Ghose,et al.  Scheduling Divisible Loads in Parallel and Distributed Systems , 1996 .

[17]  Leonel Sousa,et al.  On Realistic Divisible Load Scheduling in Highly Heterogeneous Distributed Systems , 2012, 2012 20th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing.

[18]  Thomas G. Robertazzi,et al.  Divisible Load Scheduling inWireless Sensor Networks with Information Utility , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference.

[19]  Nathan Fisher,et al.  The Design of an EDF-Scheduled Resource-Sharing Open Environment , 2007, RTSS 2007.

[20]  Kenli Li,et al.  Energy-Efficient Stochastic Task Scheduling on Heterogeneous Computing Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[21]  F. Frances Yao,et al.  A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy , 1995, Proceedings of IEEE 36th Annual Foundations of Computer Science.

[22]  Ioana Banicescu,et al.  Robustness Prediction and Evaluation of Divisible Load Scheduling on Computing Systems with Unpredictable Variations , 2014, 2014 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing.

[23]  Bharadwaj Veeravalli,et al.  Dynamic Scheduling of Hybrid Real-Time Tasks on Clusters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[24]  O. Garcia,et al.  A DVS system based on the trade-off between energy savings and execution time , 2008, 2008 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics.

[25]  Ioana Banicescu,et al.  Analyzing the Robustness of Scheduling Algorithms Using Divisible Load Theory on Heterogeneous Systems , 2013, 2013 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing.

[26]  Albert Y. Zomaya,et al.  Cooperative power-aware scheduling in grid computing environments , 2010, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[27]  Anthony T. Chronopoulos,et al.  Cooperative load balancing in distributed systems , 2008, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[28]  P. Chitra,et al.  Power-aware Scheduling of fixed priority tasks in soft real-time multicore systems , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference ON Emerging Trends in Computing, Communication and Nanotechnology (ICECCN).

[29]  Debasish Ghose,et al.  Divisible Load Theory: A New Paradigm for Load Scheduling in Distributed Systems , 2004, Cluster Computing.

[30]  Xiaolin Li,et al.  Sensing Workload Scheduling in Sensor Networks Using Divisible Load Theory , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[31]  Thomas E. Carroll,et al.  A strategy proof mechanism for scheduling divisible loads in bus networks without control processors , 2006, Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium.

[32]  Thomas D. Burd,et al.  Design issues for Dynamic Voltage Scaling , 2000, ISLPED'00: Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (Cat. No.00TH8514).

[33]  Debasish Ghose,et al.  Large matrix-vector products on distributed bus networks with communication delays using the divisible load paradigm: performance analysis and simulation , 2001, Math. Comput. Simul..

[34]  Jitender S. Deogun,et al.  An Efficient Algorithm for Real-Time Divisible Load Scheduling , 2010, 2010 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[35]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  A view of cloud computing , 2010, CACM.

[36]  Rami G. Melhem,et al.  Energy-Aware Scheduling for Streaming Applications on Chip Multiprocessors , 2007, 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2007).