Plug in electric vehicle based multi-area renewable energy system for Automatic Generation Control

The work presented proposes a combination of a quick and reliable controller for the 2-area thermal system with the plug-in electric vehicle. For controlling and normalizing the system output, controlling the rotational frequency of the generator is an effective technique. A multi-constrained function is effective but the new objective function formulated is further effective and has been used in the optimization process with Intelligent Water Drops (IWD) algorithm for tuning the controllers. The performance with nPID controller in the proposed system has been compared to structures such as PID and PI for validation of the effectiveness with step and dynamic load variation. Statistical analysis such as Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) is also performed. The work is extended by integrating wind turbines and tested with a variation of 10% in step loading and ±5% in dynamic loading of 120/80 seconds for either area. A significant improvement in response time is witnessed.