Pulses in the Sand: Long Range and High Data Rate Communication Techniques for next Generation Wireless Underground Networks

[1]  Xin Dong,et al.  Exploiting soil moisture information for adaptive error control in wireless underground sensor networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[2]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey , 2006, Comput. Networks.

[3]  Mehmet Can Vuran,et al.  Empirical Evaluation of Wireless Underground-to-Underground Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2009, DCOSS.

[4]  W. Weir.  Automatic measurement of complex dielectric constant and permeability at microwave frequencies , 1974 .

[5]  Tao Jiang,et al.  QoS-Aware Throughput Maximization in Wireless Powered Underground Sensor Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[6]  Zhi Sun,et al.  Magnetic Induction Communications for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[7]  Ronold W. P. King,et al.  The resonant linear antenna as a probe for measuring the in situ electrical properties of geological media , 1974 .

[8]  John M. Cioffi,et al.  Bandwidth optimization for high speed data transmission over channels with severe intersymbol interference , 1992, [Conference Record] GLOBECOM '92 - Communications for Global Users: IEEE.

[9]  Qiang Wang,et al.  Soil Moisture Mapping Using Combined Active/Passive Microwave Observations Over the East of the Netherlands , 2015, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[10]  Ali Akdagli.  A closed‐form expression for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antennas , 2007 .

[11]  Alan J. Fenn,et al.  Ultrawideband Phased Array Antenna Technology for Sensing and Communications Systems , 2015 .

[12]  Ubbarao,et al.  Channel and Energy Modeling for Self-Contained Wireless Sensor Networks in Oil Reservoirs , 2015 .

[13]  M.R. Yuce,et al.  Dielectric Loaded Impedance Matching for Wideband Implanted Antennas , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[14]  F. Ulaby,et al.  Microwave Dielectric Behavior of Wet Soil-Part II: Dielectric Mixing Models , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[15]  Khaled Ben Letaief,et al.  Multiuser OFDM with adaptive subcarrier, bit, and power allocation , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[16]  B. Josephson,et al.  The influence of moisture in the ground, temperature and terrain on ground wave propagation in the VHF-band , 1958 .

[17]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Channel modeling and analysis for wireless networks in underground mines and road tunnels , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[18]  Greg Hislop,et al.  Permittivity Estimation Using Coupling of Commercial Ground Penetrating Radars , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[19]  Qingsong Zhang,et al.  A Leaf Monitoring System for Continuous Measurement of Plant Water Status to Assist in Precision Irrigation in Grape and Almond crops , 2016 .

[20]  John A. Catt.  Fundamentals of Soil Science, 8th ed., H.D. Foth. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, etc. (1990), 360 pp, £14.95 softback, ISBN: 0 471 52995 8 , 1991 .

[21]  Monisha Ghosh,et al.  Thoreau: A subterranean wireless sensing network for agriculture and the environment , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS).

[22]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  Wireless underground channel diversity reception with multiple antennas for internet of underground things , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[23]  David G. Michelson,et al.  RSSI-Based Distributed Self-Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks Used in Precision Agriculture , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[24]  Tai Tsun Wu,et al.  Theory of the Dipole Antenna and the Two‐Wire Transmission Line , 1961 .

[25]  Claudia Biermann.  Antennas In Inhomogeneous Media , 2016 .

[26]  Suat Irmak,et al.  EC06-783 Watermark Granular Matrix Sensor to Measure Soil Matric Potential for Irrigation Management , 2006 .

[27]  R.W.P. King,et al.  The many faces of the insulated antenna , 1975, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[28]  Li Liyz,et al.  Characteristics of Underground Channel for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2007 .

[29]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Beamforming for Magnetic Induction Based Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Multiple Receivers , 2014, 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[30]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  Internet of underground things: Sensing and communications on the field for precision agriculture , 2018, 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[31]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  A case for adapting channel width in wireless networks , 2008, SIGCOMM '08.

[32]  Suat Irmak,et al.  Autonomous precision agriculture through integration of wireless underground sensor networks with center pivot irrigation systems , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[33]  A. Guy,et al.  Impedance properties of large subsurface antenna arrays , 1963 .

[34]  Sung-Ju Lee,et al.  STROBE: Actively securing wireless communications using Zero-Forcing Beamforming , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[35]  S. Irmak,et al.  Performance of Frequency-Domain Reflectometer, Capacitance, and Psuedo-Transit Time-Based Soil Water Content Probes in Four Coarse-Textured Soils , 2005 .

[36]  Clara C. Chew,et al.  Validation of GPS-IR Soil Moisture Retrievals: Comparison of Different Algorithms to Remove Vegetation Effects , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[37]  Varuni A. Deshpande,et al.  Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module , 2015 .

[38]  D. Z. Haman,et al.  PERFORMANCE OF THE WATERMARK. GRANULAR MATRI X SENSOR IN SANDY SOILS , 2001 .

[39]  Moe Z. Win,et al.  Characterization of ultra-wide bandwidth wireless indoor channels: a communication-theoretic view , 2002, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[40]  Mung Chiang,et al.  iBeam: Intelligent client-side multi-user beamforming in wireless networks , 2014, IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[41]  Mehmet Can Vuran,et al.  Communication with Aboveground Devices in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks: An Empirical Study , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[42]  Srinivasan Seshan,et al.  DIRC: increasing indoor wireless capacity using directional antennas , 2009, SIGCOMM '09.

[43]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Digital Signal Transmission in Magnetic Induction Based Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[44]  A. Neto,et al.  The Lateral Wave Antenna , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[45]  Fawwaz T. Ulaby,et al.  Dielectric properties of soils in the 0.3-1.3-GHz range , 1995, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[46]  M. Johannes Tiusanen,et al.  Soil Scouts: Description and performance of single hop wireless underground sensor nodes , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[47]  K. Pahlavan,et al.  Measurement and analysis of the indoor radio channel in the frequency domain , 1990 .

[48]  Ying Wang,et al.  Noncontact Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Electrically Small Samples at Microwave Frequencies , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[49]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless Underground Sensor Networks: MI-based communication systems for underground applications. , 2015, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[50]  Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Adaptive Sub-Carrier Level Power Allocation in OFDMA Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[51]  W. E. Blair,et al.  Dipole radiation in a conducting half space , 1961 .

[52]  R. Chang.  Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission , 1966 .

[53]  Mehmet Can Vuran,et al.  Mobile data harvesting in wireless underground sensor networks , 2012, 2012 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON).

[54]  K. Iizuka.  An experimental investigation on the behavior of the dipole antenna near the interface between the conducting medium and free space , 1964 .

[55]  Koen Langendoen,et al.  Murphy loves potatoes: experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture , 2006, Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium.

[56]  Muhammad Nazmul Islam,et al.  A wireless channel sounding system for rapid propagation measurements , 2012, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[57]  Agathoniki Trigoni,et al.  Impact of Rocks and Minerals on Underground Magneto-Inductive Communication and Localization , 2016, IEEE Access.

[58]  Francesco Soldovieri,et al.  GPR Response From Buried Pipes: Measurement on Field Site and Tomographic Reconstructions , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[59]  John O. Curtis,et al.  A durable laboratory apparatus for the measurement of soil dielectric properties , 2001, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas..

[60]  Irving Kalet,et al.  The multitone channel , 1989, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[61]  Robert J. Mailloux,et al.  Phased Array Antenna Handbook , 1993 .

[62]  H. A. Wheeler,et al.  Useful radiation from an underground antenna , 1961 .

[63]  Ingrid Padilla,et al.  Estimation of Electromagnetic Properties in Soil Testbeds Using Frequency and Time Domain Modeling , 2012, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[64]  Rui Ma,et al.  Adaptive MQAM for Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications With 1-Bit Channel Feedback , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[65]  John M. Cioffi,et al.  Increase in capacity of multiuser OFDM system using dynamic subchannel allocation , 2000, VTC2000-Spring. 2000 IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37026).

[66]  Eyal Weiss,et al.  Wave Propagation Between Buried Antennas , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[67]  Trevor S. Bird,et al.  Definition and Misuse of Return Loss [Report of the Transactions Editor-in-Chief] , 2009, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[68]  Moe Z. Win,et al.  The ultra-wide bandwidth indoor channel: from statistical model to simulations , 2002, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[69]  Waymond R. Scott,et al.  Measured electrical constitutive parameters of soil as functions of frequency and moisture content , 1992, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[70]  Genevieve Baudoin,et al.  Impact of soil on UWB Buried Antenna and communication link in IR-UWB WUSN applications , 2015, 2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC).

[71]  Sampath Rangarajan,et al.  Towards Adaptive Beamforming in Indoor Wireless Networks: An Experimental Approach , 2009, IEEE INFOCOM 2009.

[72]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless underground sensor networks: Research challenges , 2006, Ad Hoc Networks.

[73]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  Impacts of soil moisture on cognitive radio underground networks , 2013, 2013 First International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom).

[74]  Xin Dong,et al.  A Channel Model for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks Using Lateral Waves , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[75]  David J. Edwards,et al.  Use of VNAs for wideband propagation measurements , 2001 .

[76]  H. Vereecken,et al.  Potential of Wireless Sensor Networks for Measuring Soil Water Content Variability , 2010 .

[77]  G. Lazzi,et al.  Impedance matching and implementation of planar space-filling dipoles as intraocular implanted antennas in a retinal prosthesis , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[78]  Francisco Falcone,et al.  An Easy to Deploy Street Light Control System Based on Wireless Communication and LED Technology , 2013, Sensors.

[79]  Genevieve Baudoin,et al.  Effect of depth and soil moisture on buried ultra-wideband antenna , 2016 .

[80]  S. Wolfert,et al.  Big Data in Smart Farming – A review , 2017 .

[81]  A. Baños.  Dipole radiation in the presence of a conducting half-space , 1966 .

[82]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  EM-Based Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2018 .

[83]  Mehmet Can Vuran,et al.  Development of a Testbed for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2010, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[84]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Author's Personal Copy Physical Communication Channel Model and Analysis for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks in Soil Medium , 2022 .

[85]  Wei Yu,et al.  FDMA capacity of Gaussian multiple-access channels with ISI , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[86]  A. O. Bicen,et al.  Spectrum-Aware Underwater Networks: Cognitive Acoustic Communications , 2012, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[87]  Homayoun Hashemi,et al.  Impulse Response Modeling of Indoor Radio Propagation Channels , 1993, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[88]  Randy L. Haupt,et al.  Fitting time delay units in a large wideband corporate fed array , 2013, 2013 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarCon13).

[89]  R. C. Hansen,et al.  Radiation and reception with buried and submerged antennas , 1963 .

[90]  Pavel P. Bobrov,et al.  Wideband Frequency Domain Method of Soil Dielectric Property Measurements , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[91]  Sampath Rangarajan,et al.  ADAM: An Adaptive Beamforming System for Multicasting in Wireless LANs , 2012, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[92]  Max v. Schönfeld,et al.  Big Data on a Farm—Smart Farming , 2018 .

[93]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Signal propagation techniques for wireless underground communication networks , 2009, Phys. Commun..

[94]  Charles A. Shapiro,et al.  Large-scale on-farm implementation of soil moisture-based irrigation management strategies for increasing maize water productivity , 2012 .

[95]  Andreas Krause,et al.  Intelligent light control using sensor networks , 2005, SenSys '05.

[96]  Paul J.M. Havinga,et al.  A new wireless underground network system for continuous monitoring of soil water contents , 2009 .

[97]  Sergio Verdú,et al.  Gaussian multiaccess channels with ISI: Capacity region and multiuser water-filling , 1993, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[98]  L. Godara.  Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications. II. Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations , 1997, Proc. IEEE.

[99]  Suat Irmak,et al.  Pulses in the sand: Impulse response analysis of wireless underground channel , 2016, IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[100]  B. Widrow,et al.  Adaptive antenna systems , 1967 .

[101]  D. Staiman,et al.  Nature and optimisation of the ground (lateral) wave excited by submerged antennas , 1966 .

[102]  Mark A. Poletti,et al.  The application of linearly swept frequency measurements , 1988 .

[103]  Carey M. Rappaport,et al.  Electromagnetic Waves in Contaminated Soils , 2011 .

[104]  Elias Nassar,et al.  A probe antenna for in situ measurement of the complex dielectric constant of materials , 1999 .

[105]  Antonio Liotta,et al.  Statistical Inference for Intelligent Lighting: A Pilot Study , 2014, IDC.

[106]  J. E. Hipp.  Soil electromagnetic parameters as functions of frequency, soil density, and soil moisture , 1974 .

[107]  J. Tiusanen,et al.  Wideband Antenna for Underground Soil Scout Transmission , 2006, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[108]  James R. Wait,et al.  THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF A HORIZONTAL DIPOLE IN THE PRESENCE OF A CONDUCTING HALF-SPACE , 1961 .

[109]  S. Dautrebande,et al.  A method of measuring soil moisture by time-domain reflectometry , 1986 .

[110]  A. Sommerfeld.  Über die Ausbreitung der Wellen in der drahtlosen Telegraphie , 1909 .

[111]  P. Welch.  The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms , 1967 .

[112]  Antonio-Javier Garcia-Sanchez,et al.  Wireless sensor network deployment for integrating video-surveillance and data-monitoring in precision agriculture over distributed crops , 2011 .

[113]  Jörg Widmer,et al.  Steering with eyes closed: Mm-Wave beam steering without in-band measurement , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).

[114]  François Jonard,et al.  Estimation of Hydraulic Properties of a Sandy Soil Using Ground-Based Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[115]  J. Toftgard,et al.  Effects on Portable Antennas by the Presence of a Person , 1993 .

[116]  Gianluca Gennarelli,et al.  Estimation of Soil Permittivity in Presence of Antenna-Soil Interactions , 2014, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[117]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Distributed Cross-Layer Protocol Design for Magnetic Induction Communication in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[118]  Antonio Liotta,et al.  Relevance in cyber‐physical systems with humans in the loop , 2017, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[119]  L. Grcev,et al.  On the Image Model of a Buried Horizontal Wire , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[120]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Magnetic Induction-Based Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer for Single Information and Multiple Power Receivers , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[121]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  Smart underground antenna arrays: A soil moisture adaptive beamforming approach , 2017, IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[122]  Davide Comite,et al.  Analysis of GPR Early-Time Signal Features for the Evaluation of Soil Permittivity Through Numerical and Experimental Surveys , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[123]  Heye Bogena,et al.  Hybrid Wireless Underground Sensor Networks: Quantification of Signal Attenuation in Soil , 2009 .

[124]  T. Schmugge,et al.  An Empirical Model for the Complex Dielectric Permittivity of Soils as a Function of Water Content , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[125]  Xin Dong,et al.  Environment aware connectivity for wireless underground sensor networks , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[126]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Statistical channel impulse response models for factory and open plan building radio communicate system design , 1991, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[127]  Mehmet C. Vuran,et al.  Towards Internet of Underground Things in smart lighting: A statistical model of wireless underground channel , 2017, 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC).

[128]  A. Biggs.  Dipole Antenna Radiation Fields in Stratified Antarctic Media , 1968 .

[129]  A. P. Annan,et al.  Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines , 1980 .

[130]  R. King,et al.  A study of arrays of dipoles in a semi-infinite dissipative medium , 1963 .

[131]  Hans-Jörg Vogel,et al.  Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives , 2016 .

[132]  L.P. Ligthart,et al.  Analysis of Mobile Phone Antenna Impedance Variations With User Proximity , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[133]  Chen-To Tai,et al.  Radiation of a Hertzian dipole immersed in a dissipative medium , 2000 .

[134]  Mehmet Can Vuran,et al.  (CPS)^2: integration of center pivot systems with wireless underground sensor networks for autonomous precision agriculture , 2010, ICCPS '10.

[135]  Glenn S. Smith,et al.  Measurement of the electrical constitutive parameters of materials using antennas, part II , 1985 .

[136]  K. Norton.  The Physical Reality of Space and Surface Waves in the Radiation Field of Radio Antennas , 1937, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers.

[137]  Niki Trigoni,et al.  Magneto-Inductive NEtworked Rescue System (MINERS): Taking sensor networks underground , 2012, 2012 ACM/IEEE 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN).

[138]  Zhi Sun,et al.  Increasing the Capacity of Magnetic Induction Communication Using MIMO Coil-Array , 2016, 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[139]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[140]  A. M. Nicolson,et al.  Measurement of the Intrinsic Properties of Materials by Time-Domain Techniques , 1970 .

[141]  Yunseop Kim,et al.  Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[142]  Desmond P. Taylor,et al.  A Statistical Model for Indoor Multipath Propagation , 2007 .

[143]  Hao Yang,et al.  SPRIDE: Scalable and private continual geo-distance evaluation for precision agriculture , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS).

[144]  Peter I. Corke,et al.  Transforming Agriculture through Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[145]  Abdul Salam,et al.  Impacts of Soil Type and Moisture on the Capacity of Multi-Carrier Modulation in Internet of Underground Things , 2016, 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN).

[146]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  On the capacity limits of HVAC duct channel for high-speed Internet access , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[147]  Kendall C. DeJonge,et al.  Comparison of canopy temperature-based water stress indices for maize , 2015 .

[148]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Increasing the Capacity of Magnetic Induction Communications in RF-Challenged Environments , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[149]  Kailash Chandra Ray,et al.  Hardware efficient design of Variable Length FFT Processor , 2011, 14th IEEE International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems.

[150]  Ramjee Prasad,et al.  Performance Analysis of OFDM Systems with Adaptive Sub Carrier Bandwidth , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[151]  J. Tiusanen.  Wireless Soil Scout prototype radio signal reception compared to the attenuation model , 2009, Precision Agriculture.

[152]  Jakob J. van Zyl,et al.  Detection of Inland Open Water Surfaces Using Dual Polarization L-Band Radar for the Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[153]  Gang Liu,et al.  Closed form expressions for resonant frequency of rectangular patch antennas with multidielectric layers , 1994 .

[154]  V. R. Thool,et al.  Big data in precision agriculture: Weather forecasting for future farming , 2015, 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT).

[155]  Andrea J. Goldsmith,et al.  Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation: a unified view , 2001, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[156]  Raghuraman Mudumbai,et al.  A Scalable Architecture for Distributed Transmit Beamforming with Commodity Radios: Design and Proof of Concept , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[157]  Carey M. Rappaport,et al.  Validation and Calibration of a Laboratory Experimental Setup for Cross-Well Radar in Sand , 2006 .

[158]  David W. Paglieroni,et al.  Change Detection in Constellations of Buried Objects Extracted From Ground-Penetrating Radar Data , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.