Control performance criteria

Control performance has been measured in the utility industry by the A1 and A2 control performance criteria. The use of A1 and A2 has resulted in years of reliable operation. However, the heuristic, arbitrary nature of A1 and A2 has prompted the utility industry to search for a technically defensible control performance criteria. This paper reviews the role of interconnection frequency and inadvertent energy in reliable interconnection operation. The role of control performance criteria and Area Control Error (ACE) is explained. An alternative control performance standard is presented. The differences between A1 and A2 and the new control performance standard are discussed.