The role of eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the development of hemic hypoxia in cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women of the first trimester

SUMMARY. Aim. To study the role of eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the development of hemic hypoxia in first-trimester pregnant women with an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI). Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of data obtained during the examination of 75 pregnant women of the first trimester aged 18 to 36 years old, among whom there were 40 with exacerbation of chronic CMVI (the main group) and 35 practically healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy (the control group). IgM and IgG antibodies to CMV, low-avidity IgG (avidity index) were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. CMV DNA was detected by real-time PCR analysis. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (in %) in the membrane of peripheral blood erythrocytes was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The study of superoxide dismutase activity (in U/g Hb) in red blood cells was performed by spectropho-tometry. Results. The study found that the antioxidant potential of peripheral blood red blood cells was suppressed in women with exacerbation of chronic CMVI, as indicated by a decrease in the concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid by 25% (p<0.001) and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase by 33% (p<0.001), compared with similar indicators of the control group. Conclusion. Exacerbation of chronic CMVI in the first trimester of gestation is associated with a disturbance of the antioxidant potential of peripheral blood red blood cells, due to low levels of ɷ-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. The revealed changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and superoxide dismutase levels in women with exacerbation of chronic CMVI indicate their pathogenetic role in the development of hemic hypoxia. As a lipid bilayer is disrupted, which leads to changes in the microviscosity and deformability of red blood cell membranes, a decrease in the functional activity of red blood cells, and the development of hemic hypoxia.

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