Evaluation of different extractants for the estimation of bioavailable selenium in seleniferous soils of Northwest India

Efficacy of various extractants—AB-DTPA, 0.5 M Na2CO3, 0.25 M KCl, 0.1 M KH2PO4, hot water, and isotopically exchangeable selenium (Se)—was studied for estimating bioavailable Se in 15 naturally occurring alkaline seleniferous soils in north-western India. Total Se concentration in these soils varied from 0.6 to 3.1 µg/g. Amount of Se extracted as isotopically exchangeable was the greatest, and that extracted with 0.5 M Na2CO3 was the smallest. When grown in the seleniferous soils, raya (Brassica juncea) accumulated (µg Se/g dry matter) 1.5-86.6, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 0.7-58.3, maize (Zea mays L.) 1.7-8.6, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) 1.5-4.6. Raya, wheat, and maize plants absorbed Se more than the maximum permissible level for animal consumption (5 µg Se/g dry matter) in 9, 8, and 4 experimental soils, respectively. Selenium concentration of maize was significantly correlated with the amount of Se extracted by 0.25 M KCl (r = 0.646, P < 0.01), 0.1 M KH2PO4 (r = 0.498, P < 0.10), and with total Se concentration (r = 0.628, P < 0.05) of the soils; Se concentration in rice was correlated with AB-DTPA extractable Se (r = 0.443, P < 0.10). Highly significant relationships between hot water soluble Se and concentration of Se in raya (r = 0.705, P < 0.01), wheat (r = 0.696, P < 0.01), maize (r = 0.698, P < 0.01), and rice (r = 0.559, P < 0.05) suggest that it can reliably quantify bioavailable Se in seleniferous soils of north-western India. Hot water soluble Se was positively correlated with electrical conductivity (r = 0.514, P < 0.05), total Se concentration (r = 0.710, P < 0.01), and KCl-extractable Se (r = 0.712, P < 0.01) of the soils.

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