Surface-Enhanced Electromagnetic Processes

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a study on surface- enhanced electromagnetic processes. The chapter discusses evidence that an electromagnetic mechanism involving localized surface plasmons provides a very important contribution to the enhancement. Experiments on surface second harmonic generation, as well as on enhanced one- and two-photon absorption by adsorbed dyes, are described. They emphasize the generality of the phenomenon and provide further strong support for the electromagnetic model. Characteristic observations in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments are reviewed. It was established that preparation of a microscopically rough surface was a necessary prerequisite for observing SERS. The metals silver and gold proved to be most efficient in providing the Raman enhancement. Along with the experimental investigations, a variety of theoretical models were proposed to explain the effect, which are included in this chapter. The electromagnetic model, which forms the basis for the subsequent discussion, is described, with the main emphasis on the physical origin of the effect. Strong experimental evidence in support of the electromagnetic mechanism is presented. The theoretical expression for the enhancement is analyzed and represented as a product of a purely geometrical “lightning-rod’’ factor and an electromagnetic factor representing the local field enhancement because of particle plasmon resonances.

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