Chromosome analyses in mongolism (Langdon-Down syndrome) associated with leukemia.

IN 1930 Brewster and Cannon1 reported a case of mongolism associated with acute lymphatic leukemia, and seventeen years later Ingalls2 mentioned as a curiosity that 2 of 50 children with mongolism autopsied at Boston Children's Hospital died of leukemia. These isolated observations were followed between 1950 and 1960 by numerous publications3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 showing that the occurrence of the combined disorders was many times higher than that which might be expected to result from chance associations. By 1961 Stewart12 had found in England and Wales 50 cases of leukemia associated with mongolism, and Wald et al.,13 examining death certificates of all who . . .

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