Local Recurrence of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Revisited: Is there a Role for "Selective" Radiation?

Background Radiation therapy (RT) is often utilized in cases of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS), but there remain situations where treatment is with surgical excision alone. Our goals were to determine (1) the local recurrence (LR) rate with and without perioperative RT and (2) associations between local recurrence, patient, tumor, and treatment variables. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 165 consecutive STS patients. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate variables associated with local recurrence. Results LR occurred in 15/78 (19%) without RT, 4/29 (14%) with postoperative RT, and 0/58 with preoperative RT (p=0.002). We found increased rates of local recurrence at 24 months for myxofibrosarcoma (p=0.001) and no-RT (p=0.003). Myxofibrosarcoma accounted for 33 (20%) of the study patients and 12 (63%) of the local recurrences. Conclusion The LR rate in patients treated with surgery alone was disproportionately attributable to myxofibrosarcoma (11/23 cases, 48%). Other subtypes demonstrated a lower rate of LR in the absence of RT (4/55 cases, 7%), and no LR occurred when final margins were >2 mm. In certain circumstances treatment with a negative margin surgical resection followed by close observation is justifiable. RT is effective and should continue to be considered routinely in myxofibrosarcoma or when surgical margins are inadequate. Level of Evidence: III.