Optimal Energy-Efficient Relay Deployment for the Bidirectional Relay Transmission Schemes

Recently, the energy efficiency of a relay network has become a hot research topic in the wireless communication society. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of three basic bidirectional relay transmission schemes [i.e., the four time-slot (4TS), three time-slot (3TS), and two time-slot (2TS) schemes] from the angle of relay deployment. Since a realistic power consumption model is very important in analyzing energy efficiency, and a power amplifier (PA) consumes up to 70% of the total power, we consider a realistic nonideal PA model. The derived closed-form expressions for the optimal relay deployment and the simulation results reveal the following important conclusions. First, it is possible to achieve the optimal energy efficiency and enlarge the cell coverage simultaneously in bad channel conditions, but it may be very challenging in good channel conditions. Second, under asymmetric traffic conditions, particularly when the downlink rate is larger than the uplink rate, all the aforementioned three schemes have almost the same optimal relay deployment, but the 2TS scheme has the highest energy efficiency when the spectral efficiency is large. Third, the relay node should be deployed closer to the base station with the nonideal PA than that with the ideal PA, and the optimal energy efficiency with the nonideal PA is much higher than that with the ideal PA. Moreover, the impact of small-scale fading depends on the value of path loss. To overcome the small-scale fading, the relay network needs to consume more energy.

[1]  Michael Gastpar,et al.  Cooperative strategies and capacity theorems for relay networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[2]  Gang Feng,et al.  Energy-efficient relay deployment in next generation cellular networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[3]  Andrea Goldsmith,et al.  Wireless Communications , 2005, 2021 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS).

[4]  Lin Lin,et al.  Site planning of Relay Stations in greenwireless access networks: A genetic algorithm approach , 2011, 2011 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR).

[5]  Anthony Ephremides,et al.  Energy Efficiency of Cooperative Relaying over a Wireless Link , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[6]  Rakesh Taori,et al.  An evolved cellular system architecture incorporating relay stations , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[7]  Rudolf Ahlswede,et al.  Network information flow , 2000, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[8]  Qimei Cui,et al.  Energy-Efficient Relay Selection and Power Allocation for Two-Way Relay Channel with Analog Network Coding , 2012, IEEE Communications Letters.

[9]  Rui Wang,et al.  Techniques for improving cellular radio base station energy efficiency , 2011, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[10]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for Fixed-Gain Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks with Partial Channel State Information , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[11]  Chenyang Yang,et al.  Energy efficiency analysis of one-way and two-way relay systems , 2012, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[12]  Liuqing Yang,et al.  Relay selection from a battery energy efficiency perspective , 2009, MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[13]  Wenbo Wang,et al.  Power Provisioning and Relay Positioning for Two-Way Relay Channel With Analog Network Coding , 2011, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[14]  François Gagnon,et al.  Energy Minimization for the Half-Duplex Relay Channel with Decode-Forward Relaying , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[15]  Lie-Liang Yang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Dynamic Resource Allocation for Opportunistic-Relaying-Assisted SC-FDMA Using Turbo-Equalizer-Aided Soft Decode-and-Forward , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  Simone Redana,et al.  Comparison of Relay and Pico eNB Deployments in LTE-Advanced , 2009, 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall.

[17]  Muriel Médard,et al.  XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding , 2006, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[18]  Sae-Young Chung,et al.  Capacity of the Gaussian Two-Way Relay Channel to Within ${1\over 2}$ Bit , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[19]  Ching-Yao Huang,et al.  Energy Efficient Subcarrier-Power Allocation and Relay Selection Scheme for OFDMA-Based Cooperative Relay Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[20]  Preben E. Mogensen,et al.  LTE UE Power Consumption Model: For System Level Energy and Performance Optimization , 2012, 2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall).

[21]  Y. Jading,et al.  INFSO-ICT-247733 EARTH Deliverable D 2 . 3 Energy efficiency analysis of the reference systems , areas of improvements and target breakdown , 2012 .

[22]  John S. Thompson,et al.  Energy and cost impacts of relay and femtocell deployments in long-term-evolution advanced , 2011, IET Commun..

[23]  Frank Y. Li,et al.  Throughput and energy efficiency comparison of one-hop, two-hop, virtual relay and cooperative retransmission schemes , 2010, 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW).

[24]  Leonard J. Cimini,et al.  Energy-Efficient Cooperative Relaying in Heterogeneous Radio Access Networks , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[25]  Sae-Young Chung,et al.  Capacity of the Gaussian Two-way Relay Channel to within 1/2 Bit , 2009, ArXiv.

[26]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  On energy efficiency and optimum resource allocation of relay transmissions in the low-power regime , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[27]  Soung Chang Liew,et al.  Hot topic: physical-layer network coding , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[28]  M. M. Aftab Hossain,et al.  Impact of efficient power amplifiers in wireless access , 2011, 2011 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications.

[29]  Holger Karl,et al.  An overview of energy-efficiency techniques for mobile communication systems , 2003 .

[30]  Vijay K. Bhargava,et al.  Green Cellular Networks: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges , 2011, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.