Mast cell tryptase in dermal neurogenic inflammation

Background    Mast cell activation has been assumed to play a role in dermal neurogenic inflammation: C fibre‐derived neuropeptides activating mast cells and releasing histamine, which in turn would activate C fibres. Objective    To test this hypothesis mast cell tryptase (MCT) was measured inside the axon reflex flare area. Axon reflexes were elicited by histamine or compound 48/80, a polyanionic mast cell‐degranulating substance. The time course of plasma extravasation and release of histamine and MCT from dermal mast cells in neurogenic inflammation was measured in vivo by intradermal microdialysis in humans. Methods    Single hollow plasmapheresis fibres (pore cutoff size: 3000 kDa) were inserted intracutaneously at the volar forearm and perfused with Ringer’s solution (4 μL/min) with one microdialysis fibre located at the planned stimulation site and a second inside the axon reflex area. Neurogenic inflammation was induced by intraprobe delivery of either histamine or the mast cell‐degranulating agent compound 48/80. Mediator release was measured at the stimulation sites and inside the arising axon reflex flare area. Results    Mast cell degranulation induced marked plasma protein extravasation (PPE 0.25 ± 0.04–1.31 ± 0.6 mg/mL; pre‐ and post‐stimulation, mean ± sem, n = 7) and release of histamine (2.0 ± 0.9–38.7 ± 1.4 ng/mL) and MCT (9.84 ± 2.4–92.2 ± 21.6 ng/mL). Interestingly, in addition to increasing PPE (0.33 ± 0.11–1.85 ± 0.9 mg/mL), histamine also induced a slight but significant increase in MCT (11.3 ± 3.0–12.4 ± 2.3 ng/mL). No evidence for mast cell activation was observed inside the axon reflex areas, where PPE (0.34 ± 0.03–0.25 ± 0.02 mg/mL), histamine (1.64 ± 0.5–1.46 ± 0.4 ng/mL) and MCT concentration (11.6 ± 3.1–7.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL) gradually decreased. Conclusion    It is concluded that dermal neurogenic inflammation does not degranulate mast cells.

[1]  J. Bienenstock,et al.  Mast cells , 2004, Springer Seminars in Immunopathology.

[2]  R. Huber,et al.  Human β-tryptase is a ring-like tetramer with active sites facing a central pore , 1998, Nature.

[3]  M. Nischik,et al.  Analysis of skin erythema using true-color images , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[4]  H. E. Torebjörk,et al.  Innervation territories of mechanically activated C nociceptor units in human skin. , 1997, Journal of neurophysiology.

[5]  Hermann O. Handwerker,et al.  Specific C-Receptors for Itch in Human Skin , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[6]  K. Winge,et al.  No release of histamine and substance P in capsaicin‐induced neurogenic inflammation in intact human skin in vivo: a microdialysis study , 1997, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[7]  M. Schmelz,et al.  Plasma extravasation and neuropeptide release in human skin as measured by intradermal microdialysis , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[8]  L. Petersen,et al.  Histamine is released in the wheal but not the flare following challenge of human skin in vivo: a microdialysis study , 1997, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[9]  D. Johnson,et al.  Inactivation of human lung tryptase: evidence for a re-activatable tetrameric intermediate and active monomers. , 1996, Biochemistry.

[10]  B. Lynn,et al.  The vasodilator component of neurogenic inflammation is caused by a special subclass of heat‐sensitive nociceptors in the skin of the pig. , 1996, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  L. Ackermann,et al.  Neuropeptide- and capsaicin-induced histamine release in skin monitored with the microdialysis technique. , 1996, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[12]  T. Imamura,et al.  Induction of vascular permeability enhancement by human tryptase: dependence on activation of prekallikrein and direct release of bradykinin from kininogens. , 1996, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[13]  A. Pentland,et al.  Histamine in human epidermal cells is induced by ultraviolet light injury. , 1996, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[14]  H. Mosbech,et al.  Allergen-induced histamine release in intact human skin in vivo assessed by skin microdialysis technique: characterization of factors influencing histamine releasability. , 1996, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[15]  J. Cairns,et al.  Mast cell tryptase is a mitogen for epithelial cells. Stimulation of IL-8 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[16]  A. Naukkarinen,et al.  Histamine release in skin monitored with the microdialysis technique does not correlate with the weal size induced by cow allergen , 1996, The British journal of dermatology.

[17]  P. Bradding.  Human mast cell cytokines , 1996, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[18]  B. Undem,et al.  Exogenous but not endogenous substance P releases histamine from isolated human skin fragments , 1995, Neuropeptides.

[19]  H. Nielsen,et al.  Codeine‐induced histamine release in intact human skin monitored by skin microdialysis technique: comparison ofintradermal injections with an atraumatic intraprobe drug delivery system , 1995, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[20]  K. Wårdell,et al.  Human in vivo cutaneous microdialysis: estimation of histamine release in cold urticaria. , 1995, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[21]  M. Nitschke,et al.  Activation and inhibition of mediator release from skin mast cells: a review of in vitro experiments , 1994, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[22]  T. Ohkubo,et al.  Autoregulation of histamine release via the histamine H3 receptor on mast cells in the rat skin. , 1994, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[23]  L. Petersen,et al.  The use of cutaneous microdialysis to measure substance P-induced histamine release in intact human skin in vivo. , 1994, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[24]  K. Wårdell,et al.  Changes in skin circulation after insertion of a microdialysis probe visualized by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. , 1994, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[25]  A. Befus,et al.  Analysis of human skin mast cell proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Identification of tryptase as a sialylated glycoprotein. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[26]  R. Reed,et al.  Increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure in rat trachea after mast cell degranulation. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[27]  R. Reed,et al.  Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume. , 1993, Physiological reviews.

[28]  Á. Cruz,et al.  Tryptase and histamine as markers to evaluate mast cell activation during the responses to nasal challenge with allergen, cold, dry air, and hyperosmolar solutions. , 1992, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[29]  E. Bauer,et al.  Dermal mast cell granules bind interstitial procollagenase and collagenase. , 1992, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[30]  S. M. Goldstein,et al.  Protease composition of exocytosed human skin mast cell protease-proteoglycan complexes. Tryptase resides in a complex distinct from chymase and carboxypeptidase. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[31]  P. Holzer.  Peptidergic sensory neurons in the control of vascular functions: mechanisms and significance in the cutaneous and splanchnic vascular beds. , 1992, Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology.

[32]  R. Andersson,et al.  In vivo microdialysis estimation of histamine in human skin. , 1992, Skin pharmacology : the official journal of the Skin Pharmacology Society.

[33]  B. Lynn,et al.  The delay in onset of vasodilator flare in human skin at increasing distances from a localized noxious stimulus. , 1991, Microvascular research.

[34]  C. Anderson,et al.  Ethanol absorption across human skin measured by in vivo microdialysis technique. , 1991, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[35]  H O Handwerker,et al.  Properties of transdermal histamine iontophoresis: differential effects of season, gender, and body region. , 1990, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[36]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Time course of appearance and disappearance of human mast cell tryptase in the circulation after anaphylaxis. , 1989, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[37]  B. Lynn,et al.  Neurogenic inflammation. , 1988, Skin pharmacology : the official journal of the Skin Pharmacology Society.

[38]  B. Zweiman,et al.  Release of tryptase together with histamine during the immediate cutaneous response to allergen. , 1987, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[39]  U. Ungerstedt,et al.  In vivo microdialysis--a new approach to the analysis of neurotransmitters in the brain. , 1987, Life sciences.

[40]  P. Ind,et al.  Histamine is released from skin by substance P but does not act as the final vasodilator in the axon reflex , 1986, British journal of pharmacology.

[41]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Regulation of tryptase from human lung mast cells by heparin. Stabilization of the active tetramer. , 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[42]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[43]  B. A. Burrows,et al.  Lymphatic flow in human subjects as indicated by the disappearance of 1-131-labeled albumin from the subcutaneous tissue. , 1961, The Journal of clinical investigation.