Fabrication of cytochrome c-poly(5-amino-2-napthalenesulfonic acid) electrode by one step procedure and direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c.

Herein, we reported for the first time one step procedure for the preparation of cytochrome c (cyt c)-poly (5-amino-2-napthalenesulfonic acid) (PANS) modified glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetrically (CV). Hereafter, we called the above modified electrode as cyt c-PANS electrode. The presence of cyt c on modified electrode was investigated with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), CV, and superoxide radicals reaction studies. The reaction between cyt c in the modified electrode and superoxide radicals in solution, was exemplified by cyclic voltammetric measurements. Surface morphology of the modified electrode was investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified electrode showed a pair of well defined redox peak in PBS solution, pH 6.7. The modified electrode utilized for electrocatalytic reduction as well as amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The detection limit and linear range for H(2)O(2) were 5 and 50 microM to 7 mM, respectively.

[1]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Assemble of poly(aniline-co-o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) three-dimensional tubal net-works onto ITO electrode and its application for the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic behavior of cytochrome c , 2006 .

[2]  Xiaoqin Ding,et al.  Direct electrochemistry and superficial characterization of DNA-cytochrome c-MUA films on chemically modified gold surface. , 2006, Talanta.

[3]  Manihar Situmorang,et al.  An assay for the determination of the amount of glucose oxidase immobilised in an enzyme electrode , 1999 .

[4]  Á. Szűcs,et al.  Ellipsometry of cytochrome c on gold surfaces: effect of 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide , 1992 .

[5]  D. Waldeck,et al.  Immobilization of cytochrome c at Au electrodes by association of a pyridine terminated SAM and the heme of cytochrome , 2001 .

[6]  Redox reactions of heme-containing metalloproteins: dynamic effects of self-assembled monolayers on thermodynamics and kinetics of cytochrome c electron-transfer reactions , 2000 .

[7]  H. Hill,et al.  Novel method for the investigation of the electrochemistry of metalloproteins: cytochrome c , 1977 .

[8]  F. Armstrong,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of redox proteins , 1988 .

[9]  G. Sauerbrey Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung , 1959 .

[10]  C. McNeil,et al.  Direct electron transfer bioelectronic interfaces: application to clinical analysis. , 1995, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[11]  D. Pang,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c surface-confined on DNA-modified gold electrodes , 2003 .

[12]  Lizhong Wang,et al.  l-Lactate oxidase electrode based on methylene green and carbon paste , 1993 .

[13]  Theodore Kuwana,et al.  REVERSIBLE ELECTRODE REACTION OF CYTOCHROME C , 1977 .

[14]  Michael J. Tarlov,et al.  Electron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c adsorbed on carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol monolayer electrodes , 1991 .

[15]  J. Rusling Enzyme Bioelectrochemistry in Cast Biomembrane-Like Films , 1998 .

[16]  M. Harmer,et al.  The direct electrochemistry of redox proteins at metal oxide electrodes , 1985 .

[17]  E. Laviron General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems , 1979 .

[18]  J. V. Bannister,et al.  Application of the electrochemistry of cytochrome c to the measurement of superoxide radical production. , 1989, Free radical research communications.

[19]  G. Sauerbrey,et al.  Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance , 1959 .

[20]  Frieder W. Scheller,et al.  Oligonucleotide-modified electrodes for fast electron transfer to cytochrome c , 1999 .

[21]  U. Wollenberger,et al.  Layer-by-layer arrangement by protein-protein interaction of sulfite oxidase and cytochrome c catalyzing oxidation of sulfite. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[22]  Y. Okahata,et al.  Application of a quartz-crystal microbalance for detection of phase transitions in liquid crystals and lipid multibilayers , 1989 .

[23]  J. M. Wallace,et al.  CONTROLLING INTERFACIAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER KINETICS OF CYTOCHROME C WITH MIXED SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS , 1998 .

[24]  F. Scheller,et al.  Electroactive cytochrome c multilayers within a polyelectrolyte assembly. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  M. Tarlov,et al.  Voltammetry of covalently immobilized cytochrome c on self-assembled monolayer electrodes , 1992 .

[26]  F. Scheller,et al.  Nucleic Acid–Promoted Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c , 2001 .

[27]  W. Kutner,et al.  Immobilization and electrochemical redox behavior of cytochrome c on fullerene film-modified electrodes. , 2005, Bioelectrochemistry.

[28]  F. Scheller,et al.  Superoxide Dismutase Activity Measurement Using Cytochrome c-Modified Electrode. , 1999, Analytical Chemistry.

[29]  Shen-ming Chen,et al.  The bioelectrocatalytic properties of cytochrome C by direct electrochemistry on DNA film modified electrode , 2003 .

[30]  H. Ju,et al.  Preparation of porous titania sol-gel matrix for immobilization of horseradish peroxidase by a vapor deposition method. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[31]  James F. Rusling,et al.  Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin and Cytochrome P450cam in Alternate Layer-by-Layer Films with DNA and Other Polyions , 1998 .

[32]  Song Zhang,et al.  Ordered Mesoporous Niobium Oxide Film: A Novel Matrix for Assembling Functional Proteins for Bioelectrochemical Applications , 2003 .

[33]  H. Dai,et al.  Carbon nanotubes as intracellular protein transporters: generality and biological functionality. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  Yoon-Bo Shim,et al.  A cytochrome c modified-conducting polymer microelectrode for monitoring in vivo changes in nitric oxide. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[35]  P. Bartlett,et al.  The electrochemistry of cytochrome c at a conducting polymer electrode , 1989 .

[36]  M. Caselli,et al.  Electrochemical and spectroscopic study of cytochrome c immobilized in polypyrrole films , 1991 .