Determination of two-dimensional optical waveguide index distribution function parameters

The method described is based on the least-squares method and gives the maximum-likelihood estimate of the parameters. Its practicality is demonstrated by application to waveguides with three types of refractive index distribution. First, the convergence of the method is shown by computer simulations of a waveguide with an exponential refractive index distribution. Second, a Ti-diffused LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide is considered as an example of a Gaussian refractive index distribution. The computed refractive index distribution agrees with computational results obtained by S. Fouchet et al. (1987). Third, a proton-exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide is considered as an example of a step refractive index distribution. The computed depth of the waveguide agrees with the measured depth. >

[1]  P. F. Heidrich,et al.  Optical waveguide refractive index profiles determined from measurement of mode indices: a simple analysis. , 1976, Applied optics.

[2]  R Ulrich,et al.  Measurement of thin film parameters with a prism coupler. , 1973, Applied optics.

[3]  Esther M. Conwell,et al.  Modes in optical waveguides formed by diffusion , 1973 .

[4]  H Kogelnik,et al.  Scaling rules for thin-film optical waveguides. , 1974, Applied optics.

[5]  Leon McCaughan,et al.  Index distribution of optical waveguides from their mode profile , 1983 .

[6]  Bernard Bendow,et al.  Design of waveguides with prescribed propagation constants , 1980 .

[7]  W. Burns,et al.  Modes in diffused optical waveguides of arbitrary index profile , 1975 .

[8]  J. Ctyroky,et al.  3-D analysis of LiNbO3: Ti channel waveguides and directional couplers , 1984, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[9]  D Sarid.  Recovery of the refractive-index profile of an optical waveguide from the measured coupling angles. , 1980, Applied optics.

[10]  Dietrich Marcuse,et al.  TE modes of graded-index slab waveguides , 1973 .

[11]  S. Fouchet,et al.  Wavelength dispersion of Ti induced refractive index change in LiNbO 3 as a function of diffusion parameters , 1987 .

[12]  Katsumi Morishita,et al.  Index profiling of three-dimensional optical waveguides by the propagation-mode near-field method , 1986 .

[13]  M. Minakata,et al.  Precise determination of refractive‐index changes in Ti‐diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides , 1978 .

[14]  K Hotate,et al.  Measurement of refractive-index profile and transmission characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber from its exit-radiation pattern. , 1979, Applied optics.

[15]  P. K. Tien,et al.  Optical waveguide modes in single‐crystalline LiNbO3–LiTaO3 solid‐solution films , 1974 .

[16]  Kin Seng Chiang,et al.  Construction of refractive-index profiles of planar dielectric waveguides from the distribution of effective indexes , 1985 .

[17]  M. Fukuma,et al.  Optical properties of titanium-diffused LiNbO(3) strip waveguides and their coupling-to-a-fiber characteristics. , 1980, Applied optics.