Assessment of the Energy Requirements for CO2 Storage by Carbonation of Industrial Residues. Part 1: Definition of the Process Layout

Abstract Mineral carbonation is an ex situ CO 2 storage option that could allow to fix large amounts of CO 2 in a solid and thermodynamically stable form. Its feasibility has been proven at lab-scale both employing natural minerals or alkaline industrial residues. However the energy requirements of this process can be quite significant depending on the type of material and operating conditions adopted and thus represent a crucial factor for its full scale applicability. The focus of this paper is the assessment of the energy requirements of CO 2 storage by accelerated carbonation of alkaline materials applying the direct aqueous route. From the analysis of the main studies on energy penalties associated to the carbonation process large differences were observed on the assumptions made, the selected layout and operating conditions, in particular for alkaline residues. In addition most of the evaluations were carried out considering only experimental tests performed with high liquid to solid ratios (slurry phase route) while specific evaluations for tests with liquid to solid ratios lower than 1 (wet route) were not carried out. The overall aim of this study is to estimate the energy duties required to store the CO 2 emissions of a small-medium size power plant (20 MW) by carbonation of different types of residues (steel slags and waste incineration residues) applying either the slurry phase or wet routes. In this paper the layouts of the proposed carbonation processes are presented and discussed.

[1]  R. Baciocchi,et al.  Carbonation of Stainless Steel Slag as a Process for CO2 Storage and Slag Valorization , 2010 .

[2]  Colin Hills,et al.  Investigation of accelerated carbonation for the stabilisation of MSW incinerator ashes and the sequestration of CO2 , 2004 .

[3]  S. Gerdemann,et al.  Carbon dioxide sequestration by mineral carbonation , 2003 .

[4]  David T. Taylor,et al.  Simultaneous Capture and Mineralization of Coal Combustion Flue Gas Carbon Dioxide (CO2) , 2011 .

[5]  D. W. Pershing,et al.  An evaluation of ex situ, industrial-scale, aqueous CO2 mineralization , 2011 .

[6]  C Vandecasteele,et al.  Carbonation of MSWI-bottom ash to decrease heavy metal leaching, in view of recycling. , 2005, Waste management.

[7]  Renato Baciocchi,et al.  Current status and perspectives of accelerated carbonation processes on municipal waste combustion residues , 2007, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[8]  Adam R. Brandt,et al.  Impact of alkalinity sources on the life-cycle energy efficiency of mineral carbonation technologies , 2012 .

[9]  K. Lackner,et al.  Climate change. A guide to CO2 sequestration. , 2003, Science.

[10]  Geert-Jan Witkamp,et al.  Energy consumption and net CO2 sequestration of aqueous mineral carbonation , 2006 .

[11]  John S Gierke,et al.  Carbon dioxide sequestration in cement kiln dust through mineral carbonation. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  R. Zevenhoven,et al.  Carbon dioxide sequestration by mineral carbonation Literature review update 2005-2007 , 2008 .

[13]  Hongbo Zeng,et al.  Carbon capture and storage using alkaline industrial wastes. , 2012 .

[14]  Renato Baciocchi,et al.  The effects of accelerated carbonation on CO(2) uptake and metal release from incineration APC residues. , 2009, Waste management.

[15]  Klaus S. Lackner,et al.  A Guide to CO2 Sequestration , 2003, Science.

[16]  M. Kharoune,et al.  CO2 Sequestration Potential of Steel Slags at Ambient Pressure and Temperature , 2008 .

[17]  H. Stanjek,et al.  Reactivity of alkaline lignite fly ashes towards CO2 in water. , 2008, Environmental Science and Technology.

[18]  Wouter J. J. Huijgen,et al.  Carbon dioxide sequestration by mineral carbonation , 2007 .

[19]  E. Bartolomeo,et al.  Wet versus slurry carbonation of EAF steel slag , 2011 .

[20]  L. Lackner,et al.  A guide to CO_2 sequestration , 2003 .