A BUKI (Building up Knowledge Initiative) focussed on antimony’s environmental chemistry

Environmental context Scientific knowledge is continuously built up based on research results, and relies on their efficient and accurate dissemination. Using antimony as an example, a system is proposed that combines ease of access with focussed reviews while keeping track of all published work. This system, termed BUKI (Building Up Knowledge Initiative) is a collaborative approach based on the combination of a web-based platform and the elaboration of systematic reviews. Abstract The increasing difficulties experienced by the scientific community in efficiently constructing knowledge from the flood of data being continuously produced are discussed and a concrete solution – a BUKI (Building Up Knowledge Initiative) – proposed for research on the environmental chemistry of antimony. A BUKI is a collaborative approach based on the combination of a web-based platform and the elaboration of systematic reviews. The antimony BUKI described here aims to improve our knowledge of antimony in environmental systems but also to stir up discussion about how research works nowadays and to provide a model for the development of other BUKIs.

[1]  A. Srivastava,et al.  Potentiometric stripping analysis of antimony based on carbon paste electrode modified with hexathia crown ether and rice husk. , 2011, Analytica chimica acta.

[2]  D. Richards,et al.  The role of intracellular calcium in antimony-induced toxicity in cultured cardiac myocytes. , 1997, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[3]  Fengchang Wu,et al.  Antimony, arsenic and mercury in the aquatic environment and fish in a large antimony mining area in Hunan, China. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[4]  Renato Zanella,et al.  Determination of antimony(III) and total antimony by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry in samples of injectable drugs used for leishmaniasis treatment , 2002 .

[5]  Baoshan Xing,et al.  Antimony adsorption by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI): Ion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC–ICP-MS) study , 2014 .

[6]  Mustafa Soylak,et al.  Speciation analysis of inorganic Sb(III) and Sb(V) ions by using mini column filled with Amberlite XAD-8 resin , 2004 .

[7]  Dong-mei Zhou,et al.  Sorption isotherms and kinetics of Sb(V) on several Chinese soils with different physicochemical properties , 2013, Journal of Soils and Sediments.

[8]  Waldo Quiroz,et al.  Development of analytical method for determination of Sb(V), Sb(III) and TMSb(V) in occupationally exposed human urine samples by HPLC–HG-AFS , 2011 .

[9]  Gunnar F. Nordberg,et al.  Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals , 1979 .

[10]  Kevin A Francesconi,et al.  Determination of arsenic species: a critical review of methods and applications, 2000-2003. , 2004, The Analyst.

[11]  R. Wennrich,et al.  Simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic antimony species by using anion exchange phases for HPLC-ICP-MS and their application to plant extracts of Pteris vittata. , 2009, Talanta.

[12]  Johanna Buschmann,et al.  Antimony(III) binding to humic substances: influence of pH and type of humic acid. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[13]  H. Stanjek,et al.  Sorption of aqueous antimony and arsenic species onto akaganeite. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[14]  M. He,et al.  Removal of antimony(V) and antimony(III) from drinking water by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS). , 2009, Water research.

[15]  Michael E. Essington,et al.  Influence of Temperature and pH on Antimonate Adsorption by Gibbsite, Goethite, and Kaolinite , 2015 .

[16]  Pengfei Wang,et al.  Adsorption of Antimony on Sediments from Typical Water Systems in China: A Comparison of Sb(III) and Sb(V) Pattern , 2014 .

[17]  Benren Zhang,et al.  Chemical composition of the continental crust as revealed by studies in East China , 1998 .

[18]  R Poon,et al.  Effects of antimony on rats following 90-day exposure via drinking water. , 1998, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[19]  M. Tighe,et al.  The chemistry and behaviour of antimony in the soil environment with comparisons to arsenic: a critical review. , 2010, Environmental pollution.

[20]  A. Prange,et al.  Stability studies of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tellurium species in water, urine, fish and soil extracts using HPLC/ICP-MS , 2000, Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry.

[21]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Human Exposure to Antimony: I. Sources and Intake , 2011 .

[22]  Ferdinand Flury Zur Toxikologie des Antimons , 2005, Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie.

[23]  Peter Lockwood,et al.  Bioaccumulation of antimony and arsenic in a highly contaminated stream adjacent to the Hillgrove Mine, NSW, Australia , 2009 .

[24]  Bin Hu,et al.  Simultaneous speciation of inorganic arsenic and antimony in natural waters by dimercaptosuccinic acid modified mesoporous titanium dioxide micro-column on-line separation and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination , 2007 .

[25]  Nina Ulrich,et al.  Speciation of antimony(III), antimony(V) and trimethylstiboxide by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric and mass spectrometric detection , 1998 .

[26]  Shuping Bi,et al.  Determination of Antimony (III) and Antimony (V) in Natural Waters at Ultratrace Levels by Flow Injection On-line Sorption Preconcentration Coupled With Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry , 2007 .

[27]  Shengping Wen,et al.  Speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted emulsification of solidified floating organic drop microextraction. , 2013, Talanta.

[28]  Nelson Belzile,et al.  Human Exposure to Antimony. IV. Contents in Human Blood , 2013 .

[29]  Hugo Pinochet,et al.  Fractionation and redox speciation of antimony in agricultural soils by hydride generation--atomic fluorescence spectrometry and stability of Sb(III) and Sb(V) during extraction with different extractant solutions. , 2004, Journal of AOAC International.

[30]  Mohammad S. El-Shahawi,et al.  Analysis of Some Selected Persistent Organic Chlorinated Pesticides in Marine Water and Food Stuffs by Differential Pulse-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry , 2011 .

[31]  S. V. Narasimhan,et al.  Adsorption behavior of antimony(III) oxyanions on magnetite surface in aqueous organic acid environment , 2013 .

[32]  Patricia Smichowski,et al.  Antimony in the environment as a global pollutant: a review on analytical methodologies for its determination in atmospheric aerosols. , 2008, Talanta.

[33]  K. Shojania,et al.  How Quickly Do Systematic Reviews Go Out of Date? A Survival Analysis , 2007, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[34]  Hendrik Emons,et al.  Digestion procedures for the determination of antimony and arsenic in small amounts of peat samples by hydride generation–atomic absorption spectrometry , 2001 .

[35]  G. Dongarrà,et al.  Trace elements in scalp hair of children living in differing environmental contexts in Sicily (Italy). , 2012, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.

[36]  C. A. Johnson,et al.  Sorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) to goethite: influence on Sb(III) oxidation and mobilization. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[37]  Domy C. Adriano,et al.  Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, and Risks of Metals , 2001 .

[38]  S. Sundar,et al.  A cluster of cases of severe cardiotoxicity among kala-azar patients treated with a high-osmolarity lot of sodium antimony gluconate. , 1998, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[39]  R. Merton The Matthew Effect in Science , 1968, Science.

[40]  K. Salmon,et al.  A chromosomal ars operon homologue of Pseudomonas aeruginosa confers increased resistance to arsenic and antimony in Escherichia coli. , 1998, Microbiology.

[41]  Hiroshi Onishi,et al.  Notes on the geochemistry of antimony , 1955 .

[42]  Nelson Belzile,et al.  Human Exposure to Antimony. III. Contents in Some Human Excreted Biofluids (Urine, Milk, Saliva) , 2013 .

[43]  Xiaoling Dong,et al.  Antimony uptake, efflux and speciation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. , 2014, Environmental pollution.

[44]  Yoshio Takahashi,et al.  Abiotic reduction of antimony(V) by green rust (Fe4(II)Fe2(III)(OH)12SO4 · 3H2O) , 2008 .

[45]  Hailin Yang,et al.  Adsorption of methylantimony and methylarsenic on soils, sediments, and mine tailings from antimony mine area , 2015 .

[46]  Gabriela Ungureanu,et al.  Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption. , 2015, Journal of environmental management.

[47]  J. S. Thayer,et al.  Review: Biological methylation of less-studied elements , 2002 .

[48]  Rainer Schulin,et al.  Antimony in the soil-plant system - a review , 2009 .

[49]  Robert G. J. Edyvean,et al.  Bioremoval of antimony(III) from contaminated water using several plant wastes: Optimization of batch and dynamic flow conditions for sorption by green bean husk (Vigna radiata) , 2013 .

[50]  Qaisar Mahmood,et al.  Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies , 2015 .

[51]  Donglan Huang,et al.  Detection and Analysis of 12 Heavy Metals in Blood and Hair Sample from a General Population of Pearl River Delta Area , 2014, Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.

[52]  Thanaa M. Rabah,et al.  Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Hair and Severity of Symptoms among Children with Autism. , 2012, Maedica.

[53]  Nelson Belzile,et al.  Oxidation of antimony (III) by amorphous iron and manganese oxyhydroxides , 2001 .

[54]  Wolfhard Wegscheider,et al.  Determination of Inorganic Antimony Species Conversions during Its Speciation Analysis in Soil Using Isotope Dilution Techniques , 2013 .

[55]  S. Sözen,et al.  Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Hair of Stage III Breast Cancer Patients , 2011, Biological Trace Element Research.

[56]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Food for Thought: A Critical Overview of Current Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters , 2013 .

[57]  Yoshio Takahashi,et al.  Comparison of antimony behavior with that of arsenic under various soil redox conditions. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[58]  T. D. Luckey,et al.  Metal toxicity in mammals. Volume 2. Chemical toxicity of metals and metalloids. , 1978 .

[59]  John P. A. Ioannidis,et al.  Concentration of the Most-Cited Papers in the Scientific Literature: Analysis of Journal Ecosystems , 2006, PloS one.

[60]  Miguel de la Guardia,et al.  Development of a non-chromatographic method for the speciation analysis of inorganic antimony in mushroom samples by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry , 2009 .

[61]  Ahmet Sarı,et al.  Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on adsorption of Sb(III) from aqueous solution using low-cost natural diatomite , 2010 .

[62]  M. He,et al.  Adsorption of antimony(V) on kaolinite as a function of pH, ionic strength and humic acid , 2010 .

[63]  M. Martínez,et al.  Simultaneous determination of antimony(III) and antimony(V) by UV-vis spectroscopy and partial least squares method (PLS). , 2005, Talanta.

[64]  Andrea Raab,et al.  Antimony speciation in soils: improving the detection limits using post-column pre-reduction hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (HPLC/pre-reduction/HG-AFS). , 2011, Talanta.

[65]  G. Gilbert Referencing as Persuasion , 1977 .

[66]  Griselda Polla,et al.  A fully automated system for inorganic antimony preconcentration and speciation in urine. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[67]  Andreas Matusch,et al.  Biomonitoring for arsenic, toxic and essential metals in single hair strands by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , 2011 .

[68]  Fengchang Wu,et al.  Antimony: Emerging toxic contaminant in the environment , 2011 .

[69]  Julian F. Tyson,et al.  Determination of antimony by atomic absorption spectrometry with flow injection hydride generation by a tetrahydroborate-form anion-exchanger , 2006 .

[70]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Antimony in the environment: a review focused on natural waters: I. Occurrence , 2002 .

[71]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Antimony in the environment: a review focused on natural waters: II. Relevant solution chemistry , 2002 .

[72]  K. S. Patel,et al.  Determination and Speciation of Antimony in Waters , 1993 .

[73]  Hanwen Sun,et al.  Simultaneous determination of trace arsenic(III), antimony(III), total arsenic and antimony in Chinese medicinal herbs by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry , 2004 .

[74]  Hailin Yang,et al.  Concentration and speciation of antimony and arsenic in soil profiles around the world’s largest antimony metallurgical area in China , 2015, Environmental Geochemistry and Health.

[75]  T. McDermott,et al.  New Insights into Microbial Oxidation of Antimony and Arsenic , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[76]  Peter A. Williams,et al.  The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment , 2014, Mineralogical Magazine.

[77]  Steven A Greenberg,et al.  How citation distortions create unfounded authority: analysis of a citation network , 2009, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[78]  Ludwig Peichl,et al.  Association of antimony with traffic — occurrence in airborne dust, deposition and accumulation in standardized grass cultures , 1997 .

[79]  Chunhai Yu,et al.  Antimony speciation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using solid phase extraction cartridges. , 2002, The Analyst.

[80]  David E. Hibbs,et al.  Klebelsbergite, Sb4O4SO4(OH)2: Stability relationships, formation in Nature, and refinement of its structure , 2015 .

[81]  Cong-Qiang Liu,et al.  Antimony coordination to humic acid: Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study , 2012 .

[82]  P. de Caritat,et al.  Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources for elements in the environment: regional geochemical surveys versus enrichment factors. , 2005, The Science of the total environment.

[83]  J. R. Cole,et al.  The Ortega Hypothesis , 1972, Science.

[84]  Fengchang Wu,et al.  Antimony pollution in China. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[85]  Chaoyang Wei,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of SbIII, SbV and TMSb by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry detection: application to antimony speciation in soil samples. , 2013, Journal of chromatographic science.

[86]  Ondrej Sebek,et al.  Antimony availability in highly polluted soils and sediments - a comparison of single extractions. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[87]  Peter Schramel,et al.  Studies on Speciation of Antimony in Soil Contaminated by Industrial Activity , 1998 .

[88]  Miquel Rovira,et al.  Sorption of Antimony (V) onto Synthetic Goethite in Carbonate Medium , 2008 .

[89]  E. Merian,et al.  Metals and their compounds in the environment: Occurrence, analysis, and biological relevance , 1991 .

[90]  Riccardo Biddau,et al.  Determination of traces of Sb(III) using ASV in Sb-rich water samples affected by mining. , 2015, Analytica chimica acta.

[91]  Mark Petticrew,et al.  Systematic reviews from astronomy to zoology: myths and misconceptions , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[92]  Rajmund Michalski,et al.  Development and validation of HPLC-ICP-MS method for the determination inorganic Cr, As and Sb speciation forms and its application for Pławniowice reservoir (Poland) water and bottom sediments variability study. , 2014, Talanta.

[93]  Yukio Nagaosa,et al.  Determination of total antimony(III,V) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry with in situ plated bismuth-film electrode , 2011 .

[94]  Shigeru Maeda,et al.  Safety and Environmental Effects , 2009 .

[95]  Matthew Newville,et al.  Sb5+ and Sb3+ substitution in segnitite: A new sink for As and Sb in the environment and implications for acid mine drainage , 2014 .

[96]  Fengchang Wu,et al.  Removal of antimony(III) from aqueous solution by freshwater cyanobacteria Microcystis biomass , 2012 .

[97]  A Léonard,et al.  Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of antimony compounds. , 1996, Mutation research.

[98]  Ana Sayago,et al.  Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) as a sensitive detector for Sb(III) and Sb(V) speciation in water , 2000 .

[99]  Xingliang Li,et al.  Arsenic, antimony and bismuth in human hair from potentially exposed individuals in the vicinity of antimony mines in Southwest China , 2011 .

[100]  Pilar Viñas,et al.  Liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry hybridation for antimony speciation in environmental samples. , 2006, Talanta.

[101]  Angels Sahuquillo,et al.  Solid-phase extraction (SPE) assays to ascertain the mechanisms of retention of antimony species in several stationary phases , 2011 .

[102]  Jiuhui Qu,et al.  The mechanism of antimony(III) removal and its reactions on the surfaces of Fe-Mn binary oxide. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[103]  Klaus L. Stemmer,et al.  Pharmacology and toxicology of heavy metals: antimony , 1976 .

[104]  Sabina C. Grund,et al.  Antimony and Antimony Compounds , 2006 .

[105]  Wanda Zmijewska,et al.  Determination of antimony in natural waters by preconcentration on a chelating sorbent followed by instrumental neutron activation analysis , 2008, Biological Trace Element Research.

[106]  G. Trouvé,et al.  Behaviour of antimony during thermal treatment of Sb-rich halogenated waste. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[107]  William R. Bradley,et al.  The Toxicity of Antimony:—Animal Studies— , 1941 .

[108]  Dave Craw,et al.  Environmental mobility of antimony around mesothermal stibnite deposits, New South Wales, Australia and southern New Zealand , 2003 .

[109]  Neng Zhou,et al.  Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction coupled with thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in environmental and biological samples , 2011 .

[110]  C. Reimann,et al.  Intrinsic flaws of element enrichment factors (EFs) in environmental geochemistry , 2000 .

[111]  Yolanda Madrid,et al.  Analytical methods for antimony speciation in waters at trace and ultratrace levels. A review , 1998 .

[112]  Helmut Sigel,et al.  Handbook on toxicity of inorganic compounds , 1990 .

[113]  Winship Ka Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. , 1987 .

[114]  K. Pyrzyńska,et al.  Analysis of selenium species by capillary electrophoresis. , 2001, Talanta.

[115]  S. Canonica,et al.  Photoinduced oxidation of antimony(III) in the presence of humic acid. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[116]  Sandra E Wagner,et al.  Antimony impurity in lead arsenate insecticide enhances the antimony content of old orchard soils. , 2003, Journal of environmental quality.

[117]  Rita Cornelis Species in the environment, food, medicine and occupational health , 2005 .

[118]  M. Taher,et al.  Preconcentration of ultra-trace amounts of iron and antimony using ion pair solid phase extraction with modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes , 2014, Microchimica Acta.

[119]  Peter A. Williams,et al.  Antimony interactions with heterogeneous complexants in waters, sediments and soils: A review of binding data for homologous compounds , 2012 .

[120]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Computer simulation of the low-molecular-weight inorganic species distribution of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in natural waters , 2003 .

[121]  Shayessteh Dadfarnia,et al.  Synthesis and characterisation of nano-pore antimony imprinted polymer and its use in the extraction and determination of antimony in water and fruit juice samples. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[122]  Ana Sayago,et al.  Optimization of an HPLC-HG-AFS method for screening Sb(V), Sb(III), and Me3SbBr2 in water samples , 2002 .

[123]  Z. Brożek-Mucha,et al.  Chemical and Morphological Study of Gunshot Residue Persisting on the Shooter by Means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry , 2011, Microscopy and Microanalysis.

[124]  Chao Shan,et al.  Efficient removal of trace antimony(III) through adsorption by hematite modified magnetic nanoparticles. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[125]  D Weltle,et al.  External and internal antimony exposure in starter battery production , 1995, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[126]  Xiaoling Dong,et al.  A new method for antimony speciation in plant biomass and nutrient media using anion exchange cartridge. , 2015, Talanta.

[127]  Shan Gao,et al.  Upper crustal abundances of trace elements: A revision and update , 2007 .

[128]  Y. Nakamaru,et al.  Speciation and bioavailability of selenium and antimony in non-flooded and wetland soils: a review. , 2014, Chemosphere.

[129]  M. He,et al.  Removal of antimony (III) and antimony (V) from drinking water by ferric chloride coagulation: Competing ion effect and the mechanism analysis , 2010 .

[130]  Ahmet E. Eroğlu,et al.  Separation of trace antimony and arsenic prior to hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometric determination , 2005 .

[131]  M. Shahid,et al.  Antimony bioavailability: knowledge and research perspectives for sustainable agricultures. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[132]  Antônio Fernando de Souza Queiroz,et al.  Strategies of sample preparation for speciation analysis of inorganic antimony using hydride generation atomic spectrometry , 2014 .

[133]  D Gompertz Industrial Chemical Exposure—Guidelines for Biological Monitoring, 2nd edition , 1994 .

[134]  John Crittenden,et al.  Removal of Antimonite (Sb(III)) and Antimonate (Sb(V)) from Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanofibers That Are Decorated with Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2). , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[135]  Shigeru Maeda,et al.  Bioaccumulation of Antimony by Chlorella vulgaris and the Association Mode of Antimony in the Cell , 1997 .

[136]  M. Potin-Gautier,et al.  Monitoring of copper, arsenic and antimony levels in agricultural soils impacted and non-impacted by mining activities, from three regions in Chile. , 2003, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[137]  Michael Krachler,et al.  Anthropogenic impacts on the biogeochemistry and cycling of antimony. , 2005, Metal ions in biological systems.

[138]  Guoqiang Xiang,et al.  Cloud point extraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in food packaging materials. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[139]  Gregory A. Cutter,et al.  Biogeochemistry of arsenic and antimony in the North Pacific Ocean , 2006 .

[140]  A Abbaspour,et al.  Simultaneous determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by partial least squares regression. , 2003, Talanta.

[141]  P. Williams,et al.  Tripuhyite and schafarzikite: two of the ultimate sinks for antimony in the natural environment , 2012, Mineralogical Magazine.

[142]  T. Madrakian,et al.  Spectrophotometric determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in biological samples after micelle-mediated extraction. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[143]  G F Nordberg,et al.  Lung retention of antimony and arsenic in hamsters after the intratracheal instillation of industrial dust. , 1984, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[144]  Tor Norseth,et al.  Biological Monitoring of Antimony , 1988 .

[145]  Alen Guy,et al.  Identification and chromatographic separation of antimony species with α-hydroxy acids , 1998 .

[146]  G. Ceriotti,et al.  A study of antimony complexed to soil-derived humic acids and inorganic antimony species along a Massachusetts highway , 2009 .

[147]  Naoki Furuta,et al.  Antimony Speciation in Environmental Samples by Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry , 2000 .

[148]  Roser Rubio,et al.  Comparison of pre-reducing agents for antimony determination by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry , 2004 .

[149]  Jiuhui Qu,et al.  Adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on Freshly Prepared Ferric Hydroxide (FeOxHy). , 2015, Environmental engineering science.

[150]  Wolfgang Hummel,et al.  Trace element complexation by humic substances: issues related to quality assurance , 2011 .

[151]  A Abbaspour,et al.  Simultaneous determination of antimony and bismuth by beta-correction spectrophotometry and an artificial neural network algorithm. , 2005, Talanta.

[152]  Shigeru Maeda,et al.  Adsorption and removal of antimony from aqueous solution by an activated Alumina , 2001 .

[153]  M Tighe,et al.  Soil, water, and pasture enrichment of antimony and arsenic within a coastal floodplain system. , 2005, The Science of the total environment.

[154]  Peter A. Williams,et al.  Stabilities of byströmite, MgSb2O6, ordoñezite, ZnSb2O6 and rosiaite, PbSb2O6, and their possible roles in limiting antimony mobility in the supergene zone , 2015, Mineralogical Magazine.

[155]  T Gebel,et al.  Arsenic and antimony: comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology. , 1997, Chemico-biological interactions.

[156]  J F López-Sánchez,et al.  New considerations about the separation and quantification of antimony species by ion chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[157]  Wolfhard Wegscheider,et al.  Speciation analysis of inorganic antimony in soil using HPLC-ID-ICP-MS , 2005, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[158]  Sudipta Rakshit,et al.  Antimony sorption at gibbsite-water interface. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[159]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Secondary antimony minerals: Phases that control the dispersion of antimony in the supergene zone , 2012 .

[160]  M. Datta,et al.  Adsorptive Removal of Antimony (III) Using Modified Montmorillonite: A Study on Sorption Kinetics , 2012 .

[161]  Youn-Joo An,et al.  Effect of antimony on the microbial growth and the activities of soil enzymes. , 2009, Chemosphere.

[162]  Kunpeng Wang,et al.  Adsorption of antimony(III) on goethite in the presence of competitive anions , 2013 .

[163]  J. Chwastowska,et al.  Determination of antimony(III, V) in natural waters by separation and preconcentration on a thionalide loaded resin followed by neutron activation analysis , 1995 .

[164]  Nelson Belzile,et al.  Human Exposure to Antimony. II. Contents in Some Human Tissues Often Used in Biomonitoring (Hair, Nails, Teeth) , 2012 .

[165]  Julia Barrott,et al.  Evidence of Competitive Adsorption of Sb(III) and As(III) on Activated Alumina , 2010 .

[166]  Zhenyao Shen,et al.  Investigation of the interaction between As and Sb species and dissolved organic matter in the Yangtze Estuary, China, using excitation–emission matrices with parallel factor analysis , 2015, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[167]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Antimony interactions with heterogeneous complexants in waters, sediments and soils: A review of data obtained in bulk samples , 2011 .

[168]  Dominique Lison,et al.  Cobalt and antimony: genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. , 2003, Mutation research.

[169]  Matthew Newville,et al.  Antimony sinks in the weathering crust of bullets from Swiss shooting ranges. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[170]  R. Salminen,et al.  Antimony in the environment: Lessons from geochemical mapping , 2010 .

[171]  Duu-Jong Lee,et al.  Complexation of HSA with different forms of antimony (Sb): An application of fluorescence spectroscopy , 2013 .

[172]  S. Hill,et al.  Methodologies for determination of antimony in terrestrial environmental samples. , 2000, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[173]  Sylvia G. Sander,et al.  Trace analysis of antimony (III) and antimony (V) by adsorptive stripping voltammetry , 1996 .

[174]  M. He,et al.  Adsorption of antimony(III) and antimony(V) on bentonite: Kinetics, thermodynamics and anion competition , 2011 .

[175]  Junkang Guo,et al.  The uptake and detoxification of antimony by plants: A review , 2013 .

[176]  Konstantinos Skordas,et al.  Arsenic, antimony and other toxic elements in the drinking water of Eastern Thessaly in Greece and its possible effects on human health , 2006 .

[177]  Yaowen Chen,et al.  Levels and risk factors of antimony contamination in human hair from an electronic waste recycling area, Guiyu, China , 2015, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[178]  M. He,et al.  Effects of different forms of antimony on rice during the period of germination and growth and antimony concentration in rice tissue , 1999 .

[179]  Rita Cornelis,et al.  Speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) species by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry , 1998 .

[180]  Przemysław Niedzielski,et al.  The Simultaneous Arsenic, Antimony, and Selenium Determination in Water Samples by Batch Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry , 2011 .

[181]  Bin Hu,et al.  On-line cloud point extraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for the speciation of inorganic antimony in environmental and biological samples. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[182]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  8:Alkyl Derivatives of Antimony in the Environment , 2010 .

[183]  H. Dunkelberg,et al.  Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure. , 1998, Environmental health perspectives.

[184]  Fengchang Wu,et al.  Health risk associated with dietary co-exposure to high levels of antimony and arsenic in the world's largest antimony mine area. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[185]  Faye Liu,et al.  Antimony speciation and contamination of waters in the Xikuangshan antimony mining and smelting area, China , 2010, Environmental geochemistry and health.

[186]  Marco Bosco,et al.  Soil antimony pollution and plant growth stage affect the biodiversity of auxin-producing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Achillea ageratum L. , 2003, FEMS microbiology ecology.

[187]  D. Craw,et al.  Antimony distribution and environmental mobility at an historic antimony smelter site, New Zealand. , 2004, Environmental pollution.

[188]  Yasumoto Magara,et al.  Effect of pH on the removal of arsenic and antimony using reverse osmosis membranes , 2000 .

[189]  Yang Sun,et al.  Selective removal of antimony(III) from aqueous solution using antimony(III)-imprinted organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents by combination of surface imprinting technique with sol–gel process , 2014 .

[190]  Thomas D. Luckey,et al.  Heavy metal toxicity, safety, and hormology , 1975 .

[191]  Liang Zhang,et al.  Inorganic speciation of As(III, V), Se(IV, VI) and Sb(III, V) in natural water with GF-AAS using solid phase extraction technology. , 2007, Talanta.

[192]  O. Yavuz Ataman,et al.  Determination of antimony by using tungsten trap atomic absorption spectrometry , 2008 .

[193]  T. D. Luckey,et al.  Metal toxicity in mammals, 1. Physiologic and chemical basis for metal toxicity , 1977 .

[194]  Péter Jankovics,et al.  Solid phase chelating extraction and separation of inorganic antimony species in pharmaceutical and water samples for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , 2008 .

[195]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns , 2009 .

[196]  Richard Van Noorden Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network , 2014, Nature.

[197]  H. G. van der Geest,et al.  Comparative phytotoxicity of methylated and inorganic arsenic- and antimony species to Lemna minor, Wolffia arrhiza and Selenastrum capricornutum , 2011 .

[198]  Jörg Feldmann Other Organometallic Compounds in the Environment , 2003 .

[199]  Ewa Bulska,et al.  Determination of total antimony and antimony(V) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after selective separation of antimony(III) by solvent extraction with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine ☆ , 2000 .

[200]  A. Christy,et al.  Clarification of status of species in the pyrochlore supergroup , 2013, Mineralogical Magazine.

[201]  Olga Domínguez-Renedo,et al.  Determination of Antimony (III) in Real Samples by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Mercury Film Screen-Printed Electrode , 2009, Sensors.

[202]  A. Das,et al.  Literature survey of on-line elemental speciation in aqueous solutions. , 2001, Talanta.

[203]  Mohamed Abdel Salam,et al.  Removal of antimony (III) by multi-walled carbon nanotubes from model solution and environmental samples , 2013 .

[204]  Thomas G. Chasteen,et al.  Microbial Methylation of Metalloids: Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth , 2002, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[205]  Dave Craw,et al.  Geochemical controls on the environmental mobility of Sb and As at mesothermal antimony and gold deposits , 2004 .

[206]  Yong Sik Ok,et al.  Surface complexation modeling and spectroscopic evidence of antimony adsorption on iron-oxide-rich red earth soils. , 2013, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[207]  K. H. Wedepohl The Composition of the Continental Crust , 1995 .

[208]  Husin Wagiran,et al.  Screening heavy metals levels in hair of sanitation workers by X-ray fluorescence analysis. , 2013, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[209]  Montserrat Filella,et al.  Antimony in the environment: A review focused on natural waters. III. Microbiota relevant interactions , 2007 .

[210]  Richard O. Jenkins,et al.  Occurrence, Formation and Fate of Organoantimony Compounds in Marine and Terrestrial Environments , 2000 .

[211]  Jing Zhang,et al.  Adsorption of antimony onto iron oxyhydroxides: adsorption behavior and surface structure. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[212]  Levent Kenar,et al.  The Correlation Between Smoking Status of Family Members and Concentrations of Toxic Trace Elements in the Hair of Children , 2012, Biological Trace Element Research.

[213]  Carlos A. Pérez,et al.  SR μXRF and XRD study of the spatial distribution and mineralogical composition of Pb and Sb species in weathering crust of corroded bullets of hunting fields , 2015 .

[214]  Karen A. Hudson-Edwards,et al.  Scorodite precipitation in the presence of antimony , 2015 .

[215]  G. J. Leigh Environmental analysis using chromatography interfaced with atomic spectroscopy , 1992 .

[216]  T. van de Wiele,et al.  Biotransformation of metal(loid)s by intestinal microorganisms , 2010 .

[217]  Marco Tadeu Grassi,et al.  Speciation of Antimony(III) and Antimony(V) in Bottled Water by Hydride Generation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry , 2015 .

[218]  Weilin Guo,et al.  Removal of antimony(III) from aqueous solution by graphene as an adsorbent , 2012 .

[219]  Florence Lagarde,et al.  Heat-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae for antimony speciation and antimony(III) preconcentration in water samples. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[220]  Peter Lockwood,et al.  Adsorption of antimony(V) by floodplain soils, amorphous iron(III) hydroxide and humic acid. , 2005, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[221]  A. Hirner,et al.  Environmental Distribution, Analysis, and Toxicity of Organometal(loid) Compounds , 2004, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[222]  Eleanor Berman,et al.  Toxic metals and their analysis , 1980 .

[223]  M. Potin-Gautier,et al.  Determination of antimony in soils and vegetables by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimization and comparison of both analytical techniques , 2001 .

[224]  Ruben Kretzschmar,et al.  Quantitative Antimony Speciation in Shooting-Range Soils by EXAFS Spectroscopy , 2006 .

[225]  E R Nestmann,et al.  Review of subchronic/chronic toxicity of antimony potassium tartrate. , 1999, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[226]  M. Krachler,et al.  Speciation of antimony for the 21st century: promises and pitfalls , 2001 .

[227]  M. Guardia,et al.  A review of non-chromatographic methods for speciation analysis. , 2009, Analytica chimica acta.

[228]  S. Taylor,et al.  The geochemical evolution of the continental crust , 1995 .

[229]  S. Criquet,et al.  Does antimony affect microbial respiration in Mediterranean soils? A microcosm experiment , 2014 .

[230]  Ming Lei,et al.  Distribution, speciation and availability of antimony (Sb) in soils and terrestrial plants from an active Sb mining area. , 2011, Environmental pollution.

[231]  Ralph Steininger,et al.  MINERALOGY OF WEATHERING PRODUCTS OF Fe–As–Sb MINE WASTES AND SOILS AT SEVERAL Sb DEPOSITS IN SLOVAKIA , 2012 .

[232]  Mohammad S. El-Shahawi,et al.  Chemical Speciation of Antimony(III and V) in Water by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry Using the 4-(2-Thiazolylazo) - Resorcinol , 2010 .