A Formalization for Burden of Production in Logic Programming

In legal system, there are mainly two kinds of burdens of proof; one is a burden of persuasion and the other is a burden of production. These burdens have usually been formalized by an argumentation between a plaintiff/prosecutor and a defendant. In the previous work, we formalized a burden of persuasion from a different point of view; a decision making by a judge. If a burden of persuasion is not fulfilled, a judge will make a decision which is not favorable to the party having the burden. And as by-product, both parties are trying to fulfill their burden of persuasion. In this paper, we follow this idea in order to formalize a burden of production as well. We introduce a new predicate which a judge uses in order to check whether a party with the burden of production raised the issues and provided an enough evidence during the proceedings.