Multiwavelength Observations of the Galactic Black Hole Transient 4U 1543–47 during Outburst Decay: State Transitions and Jet Contribution

Multiwavelength observations of Galactic black hole (GBH) transients during state transitions and in the low/hard state may provide detailed information on the accretion structure of these systems. The object 4U 1543-47 is a GBH transient that was covered exceptionally well in X-rays and the infrared (daily observations) and reasonably well in the optical and radio during its outburst decay in 2002. When all the available information is gathered from the intermediate and the low/hard states, 4U 1543-47 makes an important contribution to our understanding of state transitions and the role of outflows in the high-energy emission properties of black hole binaries. The evolution of the X-ray spectral and temporal properties and the infrared light curve place strong constraints on different models to explain the overall emission from accreting black holes. The overall spectral energy distribution is consistent with a synchrotron origin for the optical and infrared emission; however, the X-ray flux is above the power-law continuation of the optical and infrared flux. The infrared light curve, the HEXTE light curve, and the evolution of the X-ray photon index indicate that the major source of hard X-rays cannot be direct synchrotron radiation from an acceleration region in a jet for most of the outburst decay.

[1]  Kazuhisa Mitsuda,et al.  Simultaneous X-ray and optical observations of GX 339-4 in an X-ray high state , 1986 .

[2]  M. Zombeck.  Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics , 1982 .

[3]  Edward H. Morgan,et al.  Dead-Time Modifications to Fast Fourier Transform Power Spectra , 1995 .

[4]  S. Kitamoto,et al.  Long-term X-ray variability and state transition of GX 339-4 , 2001, astro-ph/0110039.

[5]  R. K. Jain,et al.  X-Ray States and Radio Emission in the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550–564 , 2001, astro-ph/0102114.

[6]  G. Rieke,et al.  The interstellar extinction law from 1 to 13 microns. , 1985 .

[7]  J. Tomsick,et al.  A Close Look at the State Transitions of Galactic Black Hole Transients during Outburst Decay , 2003, astro-ph/0309799.

[8]  R. Wijnands,et al.  X-Ray Temporal Properties of XTE J1650–500 during Outburst Decay , 2002, astro-ph/0205470.

[9]  Philip Kaaret,et al.  ACCEPTED BY THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 04/03/99 X-RAY FLARES AND OSCILLATIONS FROM THE BLACK HOLE CANDIDATE X-RAY TRANSIENT XTE J1650–500 AT LOW LUMINOSITY , 2003 .

[10]  Michael A. Nowak,et al.  Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Observation of Cygnus X-1. II. Timing Analysis , 1999 .

[11]  X-Ray Observations of XTE J1550–564 during the Decay of the 2000 Outburst. II. Timing , 2001, astro-ph/0105395.

[12]  J. Tomsick,et al.  Detection of Low-Hard State Spectral and Timing Signatures from the Black Hole X-Ray Transient XTE J1650–500 at Low X-Ray Luminosities , 2003, astro-ph/0307458.

[13]  Alan M. Levine,et al.  Complete RXTE Spectral Observations of the Black Hole X-ray Nova XTE J1550–564 , 2000 .

[14]  UCSD,et al.  Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. I. X-ray spectral-temporal correlations in the hard state , 2002, astro-ph/0202258.

[15]  L. Wen,et al.  Understanding the Long-Term Spectral Variability of Cygnus X-1 with Burst and Transient Source Experiment and All-Sky Monitor Observations , 2002 .

[16]  Marc Klein-Wolt,et al.  Correlated X-ray Spectral and Timing Behavior of the Black Hole Candidate , 2000 .

[17]  R. Fender.  Powerful jets from black hole X-ray binaries in low/hard X-ray states , 2000, astro-ph/0008447.

[18]  J. Orosz,et al.  Spectral and Timing Evolution of the Black Hole X-Ray Nova 4U 1543–47 during Its 2002 Outburst , 2003 .

[19]  R. Giacconi,et al.  A new transient source observed by Uhuru. , 1972 .

[20]  Shunji Kitamoto,et al.  X-ray time variations from Cygnus X-1 and implications for the accretion process , 1989, Nature.

[21]  NEAR-INFRARED SYNCHROTRON EMISSION FROM THE COMPACT JET OF GX 339 4 , 2002, astro-ph/0205402.

[22]  R. Narayan,et al.  Advection-Dominated Accretion and the Spectral States of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: Application to Nova Muscae 1991 , 1997 .

[23]  R. P. Fender E. Kuulkers,et al.  On the peak radio and X-ray emission from neutron star and black hole candidate X-ray transients , 2001, astro-ph/0101155.

[24]  R. Fiorito,et al.  SPECTRAL INDEX AND QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION IN BLACK HOLE (BH) SOURCES: OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF TWO PHASES AND PHASE TRANSITION IN BHs , 2006 .

[25]  W. Lewin,et al.  Compact stellar X-ray sources , 2006 .

[26]  Sera Markoff,et al.  A jet model for the broadband spectrum of XTE J1118+480. Synchrotron emission from radio to X-rays in the , 2000, astro-ph/0010560.

[27]  H. Falcke,et al.  X-ray time lags from a pivoting power law in black holes , 2003, astro-ph/0310641.

[28]  D. Meier,et al.  Magnetohydrodynamic production of relativistic jets. , 2001, Science.

[29]  R. Fiorito,et al.  Spectral Index and Quasi-Periodic Oscillation Frequency Correlation in Black Hole Sources: Observational Evidence of Two Phases and Phase Transition in Black Holes , 2004, astro-ph/0405360.

[30]  J. Orosz,et al.  Optical Observations of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550–564 during Reflare and Quiescence , 2000, astro-ph/0008116.

[31]  M. Revnivtsev.  Distribution of the Galactic bulge emission at /b/ >2°according to the RXTE Galactic Center scans , 2003, astro-ph/0304351.

[32]  J. Orosz,et al.  Orbital Parameters for the Soft X-Ray Transient 4U 1543–47: Evidence for a Black Hole , 1997, astro-ph/9712018.

[33]  A universal radio-X-ray correlation in low/hard state black hole binaries , 2003, astro-ph/0305231.

[34]  S. Nayakshin,et al.  Accretion Disks with Coronae in Cygnus X-1: The Role of a Transition Layer , 2001 .

[35]  M. Gilfanov,et al.  Correlations between X-ray and radio spectral properties of accreting black holes , 2002, astro-ph/0209363.

[36]  S. Markoff,et al.  Constraining X-Ray Binary Jet Models via Reflection , 2004, astro-ph/0403468.

[37]  A. Tzioumis,et al.  On the Origin of Radio Emission in the X-Ray States of XTE J1650-500 during the 2001-2002 Outburst , 2004, astro-ph/0409154.

[38]  J. Tomsick,et al.  X-Ray Spectral and Timing Evolution during the Decay of the 1998 Outburst from the Recurrent X-Ray Transient 4U 1630–47 , 2000, astro-ph/0002084.

[39]  D. Psaltis,et al.  Tracing the power-law component in the energy spectrum of black hole candidates as a function of the QPO frequency , 2002, astro-ph/0210517.

[40]  J. Rodriguez,et al.  SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-FREQUENCY QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN GRS 1915+105 , 2004, astro-ph/0407076.

[41]  A. Merloni,et al.  Coronal outflow dominated accretion discs: a new possibility for low-luminosity black holes? , 2002 .

[42]  C. Bailyn,et al.  The 2002 Outburst of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary 4U 1543–47: Optical and Infrared Light Curves , 2004, astro-ph/0408156.

[43]  D. G. Payne.  Time-dependent Comptonization: X-ray reverberations , 1980 .

[44]  J. Orosz,et al.  Multiwavelength Observations of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550–564 during the 2000 Outburst , 2001, astro-ph/0105115.

[45]  J. Tomsick,et al.  X-Ray Observations of XTE J1550-564 During the Decay of the 2000 Outburst - I. Chandra and RXTE Energy Spectra , 2001, astro-ph/0105394.

[46]  S. Corbel,et al.  Quenching of the Radio Jet during the X-Ray High State of GX 339–4 , 1999, astro-ph/9905121.

[47]  D. C. Marsden,et al.  In-Flight Performance of the High Energy X-Ray Timing Experiment on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer , 1997, astro-ph/9710328.

[48]  Michael A. Nowak,et al.  X-Ray Variability Coherence: How to Compute It, What It Means, and How It Constrains Models of GX 339-4 and Cygnus X-1 , 1996 .

[49]  A. Tzioumis,et al.  Radio/X-ray correlation in the low/hard state of GX 339-4 , 2003, astro-ph/0301436.