Identification of Glycoproteins on the Surface of Cow's Milk Exosomes that Mediate the Uptake of Exosomes into Human Colon Carcinoma Caco‐2 Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in gene regulation. A substantial fraction of miRNAs in tissues and body fluids is encapsulated in exosomes (exos), thereby conferring protection against degradation. Traditionally, miRNAs have been considered endogenous regulators of gene expression. Recently, we have made the paradigm‐shifting discovery that humans absorb dietary miRNAs from cow's milk (encapsulated in exos) by endocytosis, and dietary miRNAs have biological activity in humans. Inhibitor and competitor studies implicated glycoproteins on the surface of exos and cells in intestinal transport.