Techniques for Fingermark Analysis Using MALDI MS: A Practical Overview

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), mass spectrometry profiling (MSP), and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) are continuously pushing the boundaries of many applications in which they can be employed. In the field of forensic science, MALDI MS has proven to be a useful technique but reports were sporadic and only in an academic context until 2009. However, in the past 6 years it has been demonstrated that MALDI MSP and MSI can be practically implemented as an analytical forensic tool in the context of fingermark/fingerprint analysis. Previously always regarded ‘simply’ as physical evidence, fingermarks are an invaluable source of chemical information that can be exploited to provide intelligence on an individual’s lifestyle and activities taking place prior to the crime. A solid proof of principle of the versatility and robustness of MALDI MSP and MSI has gained MALDI a place in the newly launched Fingermark Visualisation Manual edited by the Home Office of the United Kingdom (UK), whose guidelines are followed in the UK and are highly regarded worldwide. Protocols are currently being developed to be used operationally within primarily UK law enforcement. In this chapter, a practical overview is given for informed method development. Protocols that have been successful in answering specific research questions will also be outlined along with the most significant and interesting applications of MALDI MSP and MSI in fingermark/fingerprint analysis.

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