Invasive study of rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking

There is a dearth of quality information on the kinematics of the mid and forefoot during ambulation. We investigated the kinematics of the tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, first and fifth metatarsals during walking using intra cortical pins. Kinematic and kinetic data was captured during ten walking trials at self selected pace. Data were processed in Qualysis software and Matlab and Euler rotations calculated.