Simulations and experiments with space-charge-dominated beams

Beams in which space charge forces are stronger than the force from thermal pressure are nonneutral plasmas, since particles interact mostly via the long-range collective potential. An ever-increasing number of applications demand such high-brightness beams. The University of Maryland Electron Ring [P. G. O’Shea et al., Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res. A 464, 646 (2001)], currently under construction, is designed for studying the physics of space-charge-dominated beams. Indirect ways of measuring beam emittance near the UMER source produced conflicting results, which were resolved only when a direct measurement of phase space indicated a hollow velocity distribution. Comparison to self-consistent simulation using the particle-in-cell code WARP [D. P. Grote et al., Fusion Eng. Design 32-33, 193 (1996)] revealed sensitivity to the initial velocity distribution. Since the beam is born with nonuniformities and granularity, dissipation mechanisms and rates are of interest. Simulations found that phase mixing b...

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