A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems

This paper reviews state of the art maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for wind energy systems. Due to the instantaneous changing nature of the wind, it is desirable to determine the one optimal generator speed that ensures maximum energy yield. Therefore, it is essential to include a controller that can track the maximum peak regardless of wind speed. The available MPPT algorithms can be classified as either with or without sensors, as well as according to the techniques used to locate the maximum peak. A comparison has been made between the performance of different MPPT algorithms on the basis of various speed responses and ability to achieve the maximum energy yield. Based on simulation results available in the literature, the optimal torque control (OTC) has been found to be the best MPPT method for wind energy systems due to its simplicity. On the other hand, the perturbation and observation (P&O) method is flexible and simple in implementation, but is less efficient and has difficulties determining the optimum step-size.

[1]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithm for inverter-based variable speed wind turbine systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[2]  M. Sanada,et al.  Sensorless output maximization control for variable-speed wind generation system using IPMSG , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[3]  L.A.C. Lopes,et al.  An improved perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm for PV arrays , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[4]  Chun-Yao Lee,et al.  Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization Based MPPT for Small Wind Power Generator , 2009 .

[5]  Hai-Jiao Guo,et al.  Review and critical analysis of the research papers published till date on maximum power point tracking in wind energy conversion system , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[6]  Zhe Chen,et al.  A Review of the State of the Art of Power Electronics for Wind Turbines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[7]  Rajesh Kumar Nema,et al.  A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A review , 2009 .

[8]  A.G. Kladas,et al.  A comparison of maximum-power-point tracking control techniques for low-power variable-speed wind generators , 2009, 2009 8th International Symposium on Advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems & Electric Drives Joint Symposium.

[9]  Hugo Eduardo,et al.  Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems , 2009 .

[10]  Arindam Chakraborty,et al.  Advancements in power electronics and drives in interface with growing renewable energy resources , 2011 .

[11]  Hai-Jiao Guo,et al.  Maximum power point tracking control and voltage regulation of a DC grid-tied wind energy conversion system based on a novel permanent magnet reluctance generator , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[12]  Quoc-Nam Trinh,et al.  Fuzzy Logic Controller for Maximum Power Tracking in PMSG-Based Wind Power Systems , 2010, ICIC.

[13]  K. Tan,et al.  Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[14]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  An intelligent maximum power extraction algorithm for inverter-based variable speed wind turbine systems , 2004 .

[15]  M. J. Verdonschot,et al.  Modeling and Control of wind turbines using a Continuously Variable Transmission , 2009 .

[16]  Roberto Lacal Arántegui,et al.  Power Electronics Evolution in Wind Turbines - A Market-based Analysis , 2011 .

[17]  Chee Wei Tan,et al.  A study of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy system , 2011, 2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET).

[18]  J. S. Thongam,et al.  MPPT Control Methods in Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2011 .

[19]  Quincy Qing Wang,et al.  Maximum wind energy extraction strategies using power electronic converters , 2003 .

[20]  Seyed Masoud Barakati,et al.  Modeling and Controller Design of a Wind Energy Conversion System Including a Matrix Converter , 2008 .

[21]  Subroto Dutt,et al.  Comparative Study of Converter Topologies Used for PMSG Based Wind Power Generation , 2009, 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering.

[22]  Kostas Kalaitzakis,et al.  Design of a maximum power tracking system for wind-energy-conversion applications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  Fernando D. Bianchi,et al.  Wind Turbine Control Systems: Principles, Modelling and Gain Scheduling Design , 2006 .

[24]  W. H. Tang,et al.  A Comparative Study on Variable-Speed Operations of a Wind Generation System using Vector Control , 2010 .

[25]  Synchronous Machines,et al.  WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM , 2010 .

[26]  Alireza Bakhshai,et al.  An adaptive approximation method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in wind energy systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[27]  Jianhui Su,et al.  Control and interfacing of a grid-connected small scale wind turbine generator , 2009, 2009 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[28]  K. H. Solangi,et al.  A review on global wind energy policy , 2010 .

[29]  Ming Cheng,et al.  Pitch angle control for variable speed wind turbines , 2008, 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies.

[30]  Zhipeng Qiu,et al.  Modeling and control of diode rectifier fed PMSG based wind turbine , 2011, 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).

[31]  Saidur Rahman Abdul Hakim.  A review on global wind energy policy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2010 .

[32]  Ming Cheng,et al.  Analysis of double objectives control for wind power generation system with frequency separation , 2011, 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).

[33]  A.M. Knight,et al.  A review of power converter topologies for wind generators , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, 2005..

[34]  Shigeo Morimoto,et al.  Optimum control of IPMSG for wind generation system , 2002, Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579).

[35]  Lotfi Krichen,et al.  New strategy of pitch angle control for energy management of a wind farm , 2011 .

[36]  Whei-Min Lin,et al.  Intelligent approach to maximum power point tracking control strategy for variable-speed wind turbine generation system , 2010 .

[37]  Abbas Hooshmand Viki,et al.  A comparative study of maximum power extraction strategies in PMSG wind turbine system , 2009, 2009 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference (EPEC).

[38]  Hong-Hee Lee,et al.  Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Variable Speed Wind Power Systems , 2010, LSMS/ICSEE.

[39]  S. Chatratana,et al.  Control Performance Analysis of Feedforward and Maximum Peak Power Tracking for Small-and Medium-Sized Fixed Pitch Wind Turbines , 2006, 2006 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision.

[40]  Hai-Jiao Guo,et al.  A Novel Algorithm for Fast and Efficient Speed-Sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[41]  Kang-Hyun Jo,et al.  Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence , 2008, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[42]  Benjamin Kroposki,et al.  A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design , 2009 .

[43]  S.M. Muyeen,et al.  A Variable Speed Wind Turbine Control Strategy to Meet Wind Farm Grid Code Requirements , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[44]  Abderrazak Ouali,et al.  A comparative study between three sensorless control strategies for PMSG in wind energy conversion system , 2009 .

[45]  Gabriel Garcera,et al.  Peak current mode control of three-phase boost rectifiers in discontinuous conduction mode for small wind power generators , 2010 .

[46]  Bimal K. Bose,et al.  Design and performance evaluation of a fuzzy logic based variable speed wind generation system , 1996 .

[47]  H. L. Ginn,et al.  Comprehensive review of wind energy maximum power extraction algorithms , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[48]  A. Kladas,et al.  A hybrid maximum power point tracking system for grid-connected variable speed wind-generators , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[49]  Mehrdad Kazerani,et al.  Maximum power tracking control for a wind turbine system including a matrix converter , 2009, 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[50]  M. Kesraoui,et al.  Maximum power point tracker of wind energy conversion system , 2011 .

[51]  Dahaman Ishak,et al.  Novel MPPT Control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System for Battery Energy Storage , 2011 .

[52]  A. Bakhshai,et al.  A new adaptive control algorithm for maximum power point tracking for wind energy conversion systems , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[53]  Hai-Jiao Guo,et al.  A novel algorithm for fast and efficient maximum power point tracking of wind energy conversion systems , 2008, 2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines.

[54]  X. Roboam,et al.  Comparative study of maximum power strategy in wind turbines , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[55]  Mukund Patel,et al.  Wind and Solar Power Systems , 1999 .

[56]  Ching-Tsai Pan,et al.  A Novel Sensorless MPPT Controller for a High-Efficiency Microscale Wind Power Generation System , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[57]  Lucy Pao,et al.  Optimal Control of Wind Energy Systems: Towards a Global Approach (Munteanu, I. et al.; 2008) [Bookshelf] , 2009, IEEE Control Systems.

[58]  Maurizio Cirrincione,et al.  Neural MPPT Control of Wind Generators With Induction Machines Without Speed Sensors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[59]  Euzeli C. dos Santos,et al.  Advanced power conditioning system for grid integration of direct-driven PMSG wind turbines , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[60]  Abraham Lomi,et al.  Modeling of wind energy system with MPPT control , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics.

[61]  Makbul Anwari,et al.  Performance analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel energy system under Malaysian conditions , 2010 .

[62]  Ling Xu,et al.  Conventional and novel control designs for direct driven PMSG wind turbines , 2010 .

[63]  A. Chih-Chiang Hua,et al.  Design and implementation of power converters for wind energy conversion system , 2010, The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -.

[64]  Chee Wei Tan,et al.  Assessment of economic viability for PV/wind/diesel hybrid energy system in southern Peninsular Malaysia , 2012 .