THE CARBOXYLASES OF LEAVES AND THEIR ROLE IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

"Malic" enzyme isolated from the cytoplasm of parsley and sugar beet leaves was linked with illuminated spinach chloroplast fragments to effect photosynthesis in vitro. The model photosynthesis system containing excess "malic" enzyme was not inhibited by 5 × 10−4 M hydrogen cyanide. The "malic" enzyme system was inhibited by cyanide, however, at very low enzyme concentrations. The richest source of "malic" enzyme found in this study was the mature parsley leaf. Expressed on the same basis, the enzymatic capacities of parsley leaf "malic" enzyme and the Hill reaction capacity of isolated spinach chloroplasts are of similar magnitude. Higher "malic" enzyme and oxalacetic carboxylase activities were found in purified extracts of parsley leaves than in the corresponding root extracts. Oxalacetic, oxalsuccinic, α-ketoglutaric, and pyruvic carboxylases were not inhibited by 10−3 M hydrogen cyanide. The α-ketoglutaric and pyruvic carboxylases were much less abundant in leaves than in other plant organs; formic d...