Molecular confirmation of a fourth lineage in honeybees from the Near East

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 75 honeybee colonies from the Lebanon was char- acterized by DraI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the COI-COII intergenic region. The seven observed haplotypes were different enough from all haplotypes already known in Apis mellifera to justify their assignment to a fourth mtDNA lineage. The nucleotide sequence of a 380 base pair (bp) fragment of the NADH2 gene was determined for two haplotypes, which showed a high similarity with two published sequences from A. m. lamarkii and A. m. meda. A microsatellite analysis of a large Lebanese population sample (50 colonies, 8 loci) suggests that Near East populations are also differentiated at the nuclear level from the three previously characterized evolutionary branches of the species A. mellifera. Apis mellifera / mtDNA / microsatellite / evolutionary history / Near East

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