The symptom profile of vascular depression

Vascular depression is regarded as a subtype of depression, especially in––but not limited strictly to––older persons, and characterized by a specific clinical presentation and an association with (cerebro)vascular risk and disease. It is also known that depression is a risk factor in the development of myocardial infarction. The possibility of identifying depressed subjects at risk of a first cardiac event by their clinical presentation in general practice would have significant implications.

[1]  E. Walker,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .

[2]  H. Vankova.  Mini Mental State , 2010 .

[3]  C. Brayne,et al.  Systematic review of the depressive symptoms associated with vascular conditions. , 2007, Journal of affective disorders.

[4]  A. Schene,et al.  Nonresponse to treatment for depression following myocardial infarction: association with subsequent cardiac events. , 2007, The American journal of psychiatry.

[5]  P. Koudstaal,et al.  Clinically defined vascular depression in the general population , 2006, Psychological Medicine.

[6]  A. Beekman,et al.  Depression in older age is a risk factor for first ischemic cardiac events. , 2006, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[7]  R. Carney,et al.  Depression following myocardial infarction. , 2005, General hospital psychiatry.

[8]  A. Beekman,et al.  A study on symptom profiles of late-life depression: the influence of vascular, degenerative and inflammatory risk-indicators. , 2005, Journal of affective disorders.

[9]  A. Beekman,et al.  Depression in older persons with versus without vascular disease in the open population: similar depressive symptom patterns, more disability. , 2004, Journal of affective disorders.

[10]  N. Schneiderman,et al.  Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[11]  A. Beekman,et al.  The natural history of late-life depression: a 6-year prospective study in the community. , 2002, Archives of general psychiatry.

[12]  J. Smit,et al.  Attrition in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. The effect of differential inclusion in side studies. , 2002, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[13]  B. Penninx,et al.  Depression and cardiac mortality: results from a community-based longitudinal study. , 2001, Archives of general psychiatry.

[14]  G. Alexopoulos,et al.  'Vascular depression' hypothesis. , 1997, Archives of general psychiatry.

[15]  G. Alexopoulos,et al.  Clinically defined vascular depression. , 1997, The American journal of psychiatry.

[16]  K. Krishnan,et al.  MRI-defined vascular depression. , 1997, The American journal of psychiatry.

[17]  N. Frasure-smith,et al.  Depression following myocardial infarction. Impact on 6-month survival. , 1993, JAMA.

[18]  R. Robinson,et al.  Depression following Myocardial Infarction , 1992, International journal of psychiatry in medicine.

[19]  R. Carney,et al.  Major depressive disorder predicts cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. , 1988, Psychosomatic medicine.

[20]  L. Radloff.  The CES-D Scale , 1977 .

[21]  S. Folstein,et al.  “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician , 1975 .

[22]  B. Löwe,et al.  Depression profile in patients with and without chronic heart failure. , 2008, Journal of affective disorders.

[23]  L. Verbrugge,et al.  Measuring disability with parsimony. , 1999, Disability and rehabilitation.

[24]  J. van Limbeek,et al.  Criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D): results from a community-based sample of older subjects in The Netherlands. , 1997, Psychological medicine.