Studies on Acute Toxicity (LD50) and Histopathological Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Conocarpus lancifolius Extracts in Mice

The aim of present study was to determine the acute toxicological and histopathology effects of crude extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of Conocarpus lancifolius leaves on mice, using arithmetic method of Karber for the calculation of LD50. Test extracts were administered orally to groups of male mice at dose levels of (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 10000) mg/kg (body wt.) Signs of toxicity and possible death of animals were monitored for (24) hr. to ascertain the median lethal dose LD50 of the extracts. At the end of study, all the animals in all dose groups were sacrificed and the internal organ-body were compared with values from the control group. The result shows that LD50 is higher than (10000) mg/Kg (body wt.) for both types of extracts according to Hodge and Sterner method, the extracts were practically non-toxic while the histopathological results reveal serious pathological changes were found in experimental organs like liver and kidney, hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity chiefly present at dose (5000) mg/ Kg, which regarded as conclusive evidence to the active ingredients in extracts. Mudheher Sadeq Sabea Al-Tameemi, Thekra Turke Abd Al hussain,Hanan Rashid Abdulhameed, Enas Mehjen Numan, Shuaa Safaa Abdolaah, Gamal Salman Ghiad, Awatif Abrahem Muhammed, Ban Abbas Nasir Center of Research& Production of Drugs& Medical Supplies, Corporation of Research and Industrial Development, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, AlJadriyah, Baghdad, Iraq. Submission: 7 November 2016 Accepted: 12 November 2016 Published: 25 November 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Mudheher Sadeq Sabea Al-Tameemi et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (4): 243-253. 244 INTRODUCTION Conocarpus lancifolius, family Combretaceae, which is commonly called buttonwood or button mangrove, is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree [1] . It is widely distributed as an accessories tree in many countries around the world. The tree is about 6m tall with spreading crown or brown bark with green leaves and greenish flowers in dense cone-like heads in terminal panicles [2] . In folk medicine C. lancifolius, has many uses like anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, hemorrhage, orchitis, skin ulcers and syphilis [3-5] . At the present time, there is the tendency for studying the plants adverse and toxic effects because the safety and efficacy data are available for only a few plants. Acute toxicity LD50 is test used single dose of the material in each animal only for one time to determine the gross behavior changes and death occur to 50 % of the tested animals; which is usually considered as the first step in the assessment and evaluation of the toxic characteristics of a substance to accede the lethality of herbal extract and used histopathology changes of vital organs like liver and kidney to exist the lethality of doses [6] . The aim of present study was to determine the acute toxicological and histopathology effects of crude extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of Conocarpus lancifolius leaves on mice.