Complex forearm deformities: operative strategy in posttraumatic pathology

Complex posttraumatic forearm deformities have a significant impact on the integrity of the upper extremity leading to pain, instability in both the proximal and/or distal radioulnar articulation, and reduced range of forearm motion. Corrective osteotomy or more advanced procedures for malunited fractures or other posttraumatic deformities of the upper extremity, especially in the forearm are challenging procedures. In this review we will discuss the essential aspects of anatomy and pathomechanics, clinical and radiological assessment and the pathway from preoperative planning to the actual deformity correction surgery, either with one-stage correction or using gradual lengthening with external fixation (“callotasis techniques”) and finally the functional outcome we can expect for our patients. In addition we will analyze the modern computer-assisted techniques available to date.ZusammenfassungKomplexe posttraumatische Deformitäten im Bereich des Unterarmeshaben einen signifikant negativen Effekt auf die funktionelle Integrität der betroffenen oberen Extremität. Sie können Schmerzen, Instabilität im proximalen/und oder distalen Radioulnargelenk und eine bedeutende Bewegungseinschränkung verursachen. Korrektureingriffe in diesem Indikationsberich sind gerade im Bereich des Unterarms aufgrund seiner komplexen Pathoanatomie eine echte Herausforderung für den behandelnden Chirurgen. In diesem Übersichtsartikel versuchen wir die essentiellen Aspekte der anatomischen Besonderheiten, der Pathomechanik, die klinischen und radiologischen Untersuchungen und schlieβlich den Weg von der präoperativen Planung über den geeigneten Korrektureingriff (als einzeitige Korrektur mit oder ohne aufwendige computergestützte Planung oder graduell mithilfe von Fixateursystemen („Kallotasis- Techniken“) bis zum erwartbaren funktionellen Ergebnis aufzuzeigen.

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