Exposure to Television Portrayals of Latinos: The Implications of Aversive Racism and Social Identity Theory

Although research suggests that manifestations of blatant racism are on the decline, findings additionally demonstrate that subtle racism remains prevalent when contexts provide sufficient ambiguity for the expressions to go unnoticed. Notably, studies examining these outcomes have typically been confined to intergroup contexts, despite the fact that mediated contact may yield parallel responses. The present investigation examines this relationship by applying aversive racism and social identity theory assumptions to assess the influence of exposure to television depictions of Latinos, on White viewers’ judgments. Results cautiously reveal that racial identification and media ambiguity affect both viewers’ evaluations of target racial/ethnic out-group members as well as in-group esteem.

[1]  Ronald J. Faber,et al.  Televised portrayals of Hispanics:: A comparison of ethnic perceptions , 1987 .

[2]  Michaela Wänke,et al.  Effects of Atypical Exemplars on Racial Beliefs: Enlightened Racism or Generalized Appraisals , 1995 .

[3]  H. Tajfel Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. , 1978 .

[4]  Gail E. Coover Television and Social Identity: Race Representation as "White" Accommodation , 2001 .

[5]  J. Harwood Viewing age: Lifespan identity and television viewing choices , 1997 .

[6]  Russell H. Fazio,et al.  An Individual Difference Measure of Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions , 1997 .

[7]  John C. Turner,et al.  Stereotyping and Social Reality , 1994 .

[8]  Phyllis A. Anastasio Cognitive and Motivational bases of bias: Implications of aversive racism for attitudes towards Hispanics , 1992 .

[9]  F. D. Gilliam,et al.  The "Welfare Queen" Experiment: How Viewers React to Images of African-American Mothers on Welfare , 1999 .

[10]  C. Judd,et al.  Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. , 1993, Psychological bulletin.

[11]  J. Dovidio,et al.  The aversive form of racism. , 1986 .

[12]  J. Dovidio,et al.  Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Historical trends and contemporary approaches. , 1986 .

[13]  Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz,et al.  The Cultivation of Social Perceptions of Latinos: A Mental Models Approach , 2007 .

[14]  Ron Tamborini,et al.  Linking Media to Prototype Activation and Subsequent Celebrity Attraction: , 2005, Commun. Res..

[15]  Ralph A. Alexander,et al.  Effect of error variance heterogeneity on the power of tests for regression slope differences. , 1994 .

[16]  C. Aberson,et al.  The Aversive Racism Paradigm and Responses Favoring African Americans: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Two Types of Favoritism , 2004 .

[17]  Michael Dobbs,et al.  Outgroup Accountability in the Minimal Group Paradigm: Implications for Aversive Discrimination and Social Identity Theory , 2001 .

[18]  Michael A. Hogg,et al.  The Social Psychology of Group Cohesiveness: From Attraction to Social Identity , 1992 .

[19]  Jacob Cohen Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[20]  J. Dovidio,et al.  Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model , 2005 .

[21]  Minorities and the mass media: Television into the 21st century , 2002 .

[22]  Duane T. Wegener,et al.  The Flexible Correction Model: The Role of Naive Theories of Bias in Bias Correction , 1997 .

[23]  Michael Morgan,et al.  Two Decades of Cultivation Research: An Appraisal and Meta-Analysis , 1997 .

[24]  M. Brewer In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. , 1979 .

[25]  Sut Jhally,et al.  Enlightened Racism: The Cosby Show, Audiences, And The Myth Of The American Dream , 1992 .

[26]  M. Hogg,et al.  Book Review: Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes , 1991 .

[27]  J. Harwood Age Identification, Social Identity Gratifications, and Television Viewing. , 1999 .

[28]  J. Dovidio,et al.  On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The causes, consequences, and challenges of aversive racism. , 1998 .

[29]  Dana Mastro,et al.  A social identity approach to understanding the impact of television messages , 2003 .

[30]  S. Murphy,et al.  Priming Prejudice How Stereotypes and Counter‐Stereotypes Influence Attribution of Responsibility and Credibility among Ingroups and Outgroups , 1996 .

[31]  P. Mark,et al.  The intersection of race and crime in television news stories: An experimental study , 1996 .

[32]  John C. Turner,et al.  Context‐dependent variation in social stereotyping 3: Extremism as a self‐categorical basis for polarized judgement , 1995 .

[33]  P. Lachenbruch Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.) , 1989 .

[34]  Linda C. Godbold,et al.  Convergence Between Racial and Political Identities , 1998 .

[35]  D. Hamilton Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior , 1981 .

[36]  Duane T. Wegener,et al.  Flexible correction processes in social judgment: the role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias. , 1995, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[37]  M. Hogg,et al.  A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory , 1995 .

[38]  J. Dovidio,et al.  Aversive Racism and Selection Decisions: 1989 and 1999 , 2000, Psychological science.

[39]  J. Dovidio,et al.  Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , 1986 .

[40]  M. Rosenberg Society and the adolescent self-image , 1966 .

[41]  Dana Mastro,et al.  The Portrayal of Racial Minorities on Prime Time Television , 2000 .

[42]  H. Tajfel,et al.  An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. , 1979 .

[43]  J. Harwood Age identity and television viewing preferences , 1999 .

[44]  J. B. Mcconahay,et al.  Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. , 1986 .

[45]  Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick,et al.  Naughty Versus Nice: Suggestive Pop Music Influences on Perceptions of Potential Romantic Partners , 2007 .

[46]  Scott A. Reid,et al.  A Social Identidy Model of Media Usage and Effects , 2004, Z. für Medienpsychologie.

[47]  Dana Mastro,et al.  Media Representations of Race, Prototypicality, and Policy Reasoning: An Application of Self-Categorization Theory , 2006 .

[48]  Raymond T. Garza,et al.  Social group salience and interethnic cooperation , 1985 .

[49]  Dana E. Mastro,et al.  Latino Representation on Primetime Television , 2005 .

[50]  Factors Affecting Health‐Care Allocation Decisions: A Case of Aversive Racism? , 1998 .

[51]  Travis L. Dixon,et al.  Skin tone, crime news, and social reality judgments: Priming the stereotype of the dark and dangerous black criminal. , 2005 .

[52]  Travis L. Dixon Psychological Reactions to Crime News Portrayals of Black Criminals: Understanding the Moderating Roles of Prior News Viewing and Stereotype Endorsement , 2006 .