Which Collaborating Countries Give to Turkey the Largest Amount of Citation?

Introduction In the scientific world it is recognized that high levels of collaboration, but particularly international scientific collaborations, lead to increase in citations, a better quality of the papers published, and a greater productivity of the authors (Leimu & Koricheva, 2005; Hsu & Huang, 2010). However this citation increment may vary across nations. For various reasons, there might exist differences on the type of collaboration due to countries and their size (Zhao & Guan, 2011). Therefore in order to study this phenomenon will concentrate on the scientific collaboration between Turkey and the nine most productive countries in the world in 2004 (USA, China, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Canada, Italy, Spain). When considering these countries, the following concerns emerge: