Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials: Exposure, Toxicology, and Impact on Human Health

Therapeutic Applications Cyrill Bussy, Christoph Alexiou, Robby A. Petros, Andreas M. Nyström, Laura Methven, Kostas Kostarelos Nanomedicine Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, Erlangen, Germany Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA The Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, and the Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

[1]  M. Prato,et al.  Antitumor activity and prolonged survival by carbon-nanotube-mediated therapeutic siRNA silencing in a human lung xenograft model. , 2009, Small.

[2]  M. Prato,et al.  Translocation of bioactive peptides across cell membranes by carbon nanotubes. , 2004, Chemical communications.

[3]  R. Mukthavaram,et al.  Targeted Nanogels: A Versatile Platform for Drug Delivery to Tumors , 2011, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[4]  Chen Wang,et al.  Carbon nanotubes conjugated to tumor lysate protein enhance the efficacy of an antitumor immunotherapy. , 2008, Small.

[5]  Robert Langer,et al.  Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. , 2010, Nano letters.

[6]  Lisa Brannon-Peppas,et al.  Active targeting schemes for nanoparticle systems in cancer therapeutics. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[7]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Targeting cancer cells: magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers , 2006, European Biophysics Journal.

[8]  P. Low,et al.  Discovery and Development of Folic‐Acid‐Based Receptor Targeting for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases , 2008 .

[9]  Mark Wilson,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma: regional therapy with a magnetic targeted carrier bound to doxorubicin in a dual MR imaging/ conventional angiography suite--initial experience with four patients. , 2004, Radiology.

[10]  N. Lee,et al.  Amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protect neurons from injury in a rat stroke model. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[11]  H. Markram,et al.  Carbon nanotubes might improve neuronal performance by favouring electrical shortcuts. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[12]  G. Pastorin,et al.  Thin films of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as suitable scaffold materials for stem cells proliferation and bone formation. , 2010, ACS Nano.

[13]  M. Prato,et al.  Tissue biodistribution and blood clearance rates of intravenously administered carbon nanotube radiotracers. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  Joseph M. DeSimone,et al.  Using mechanobiological mimicry of red blood cells to extend circulation times of hydrogel microparticles , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Magnetic mitoxantrone nanoparticle detection by histology, X-ray and MRI after magnetic tumor targeting , 2001 .

[16]  Joseph M. DeSimone,et al.  Strategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications , 2010, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[17]  Maurizio Prato,et al.  Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Drug Design and Discovery , 2008 .

[18]  V. Venditto,et al.  Intercepting the synthesis of triazine dendrimers with nucleophilic pharmacophores: a general strategy toward drug delivery vehicles. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[19]  Weibo Cai,et al.  Circulation and long-term fate of functionalized, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice probed by Raman spectroscopy , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[20]  Omid C Farokhzad,et al.  Targeted delivery of a cisplatin prodrug for safer and more effective prostate cancer therapy in vivo , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[21]  S. Ganta,et al.  A review of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[22]  C Alexiou,et al.  [Magnetic Drug Targeting--a new approach in locoregional tumor therapy with chemotherapeutic agents. Experimental animal studies]. , 2005, HNO.

[23]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Pharmakotherapie mittels Nanomedizin , 2011, Der Onkologe.

[24]  Trong-Ming Don,et al.  Synthesis and properties of chitosan‐based thermo‐ and pH‐responsive nanoparticles and application in drug release , 2009 .

[25]  C. Alexiou,et al.  A High Field Gradient Magnet for Magnetic Drug Targeting , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[26]  Emmanuel Flahaut,et al.  Higher dispersion efficacy of functionalized carbon nanotubes in chemical and biological environments. , 2010, ACS nano.

[27]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Magnetic drug targeting: biodistribution and dependency on magnetic field strength ☆ , 2002 .

[28]  Ching-An Peng,et al.  In vitro photothermal destruction of neuroblastoma cells using carbon nanotubes conjugated with GD2 monoclonal antibody , 2009, Nanotechnology.

[29]  J. DeSimone,et al.  Tunable bifunctional silyl ether cross-linkers for the design of acid-sensitive biomaterials. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[30]  M. Taupitz,et al.  Mr Lymphography Using Iron Oxide Particles , 1993, Acta radiologica.

[31]  Robert Langer,et al.  Nanotechnology and Aptamers: Applications in Drug Delivery , 2022 .

[32]  B. J. Venton,et al.  Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[33]  M. Dobrovolskaia,et al.  Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials , 2007, Nature Nanotechnology.

[34]  Maurizio Prato,et al.  Immunization with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhances virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses. , 2003, Chemistry & biology.

[35]  G. Vassal,et al.  Negative preclinical results with stealth nanospheres-encapsulated Doxorubicin in an orthotopic murine brain tumor model. , 2004, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[36]  Chia-Lung Lin,et al.  Morphology and temperature responsiveness-swelling relationship of poly(N-isopropylamide-chitosan) copolymers and their application to drug release , 2004 .

[37]  P. Sontum,et al.  Gadolinium(III) DO3A macrocycles and polyethylene glycol coupled to dendrimers : Effect of molecular weight on physical and biological properties of macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents , 1997 .

[38]  F. Toma,et al.  Enhanced anticancer activity of multi-walled carbon nanotube-methotrexate conjugates using cleavable linkers. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[39]  Mark W Grinstaff,et al.  Dendritic molecular capsules for hydrophobic compounds. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  Robby A. Petros,et al.  Beyond platinum: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro toxicity of Cu(II)-releasing polymer nanoparticles for potential use as a drug delivery vector , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[41]  K. Kono,et al.  Synthesis of polyamidoamine dendrimers having poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and their ability to encapsulate anticancer drugs. , 2000, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[42]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Locoregional cancer treatment with magnetic drug targeting. , 2000, Cancer research.

[43]  T. Daniels,et al.  The transferrin receptor part I: Biology and targeting with cytotoxic antibodies for the treatment of cancer. , 2006, Clinical immunology.

[44]  Antony D'Emanuele,et al.  Dendrimer-drug interactions. , 2005, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[45]  T. Webster,et al.  Enhanced chondrocyte densities on carbon nanotube composites: the combined role of nanosurface roughness and electrical stimulation. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[46]  James F Rusling,et al.  Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro with EGF-directed carbon nanotube-based drug delivery. , 2009, ACS nano.

[47]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Magnetic drug targeting--biodistribution of the magnetic carrier and the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone after locoregional cancer treatment. , 2003, Journal of drug targeting.

[48]  C. Hawker,et al.  Unimolecular micelles and globular amphiphiles: dendritic macromolecules as novel recyclable solubilization agents , 1993 .

[49]  Mark E. Davis,et al.  Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer , 2008, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[50]  A. Karydas,et al.  PLGA-mPEG nanoparticles of cisplatin: in vitro nanoparticle degradation, in vitro drug release and in vivo drug residence in blood properties. , 2002, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[51]  H. Dai,et al.  Carbon nanotubes in biology and medicine: In vitro and in vivo detection, imaging and drug delivery , 2009, Nano research.

[52]  M. Prato,et al.  Binding and condensation of plasmid DNA onto functionalized carbon nanotubes: toward the construction of nanotube-based gene delivery vectors. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[53]  J. C. Roberts,et al.  Preliminary biological evaluation of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Starburst dendrimers. , 1996, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[54]  Samuel Zalipsky,et al.  Tumor cell targeting of liposome-entrapped drugs with phospholipid-anchored folic acid-PEG conjugates. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[55]  Zhuang Liu,et al.  Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment. , 2008, Cancer research.

[56]  R. Roden,et al.  Single-walled carbon nanotubes-mediated in vivo and in vitro delivery of siRNA into antigen-presenting cells , 2007, Gene Therapy.

[57]  T. Allen.  Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[58]  Erkki Ruoslahti,et al.  Targeting the prostate for destruction through a vascular address , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[59]  J. Alksne,et al.  Magnetically controlled metallic thrombosis of intracranial aneurysms , 1966 .

[60]  T. Dobashi,et al.  Thermosensitive polymer-conjugated albumin nanospheres as thermal targeting anti-cancer drug carrier. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[61]  Thommey P. Thomas,et al.  Synthesis and in vitro testing of J591 antibody-dendrimer conjugates for targeted prostate cancer therapy. , 2004, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[62]  Robert Langer,et al.  Biocompatibility and drug delivery systems , 2010 .

[63]  C. Hawker,et al.  The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET , 2009, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[64]  Thomas J Webster,et al.  Selective adhesion and mineral deposition by osteoblasts on carbon nanofiber patterns , 2006, International journal of nanomedicine.

[65]  K. Kataoka,et al.  Biodegradable nanogels prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization as potential drug delivery carriers: synthesis, biodegradation, in vitro release, and bioconjugation. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[66]  Yasuyuki Maki,et al.  Preparation and characterization of thermo-responsive albumin nanospheres. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[67]  Mark W Grinstaff,et al.  Dendrimer-encapsulated camptothecins: increased solubility, cellular uptake, and cellular retention affords enhanced anticancer activity in vitro. , 2006, Cancer research.

[68]  Q. Pankhurst,et al.  Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine , 2009 .

[69]  Maurizio Prato,et al.  Multiwalled carbon nanotube-doxorubicin supramolecular complexes for cancer therapeutics. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[70]  R. Jain,et al.  Microvascular permeability of normal and neoplastic tissues. , 1986, Microvascular research.

[71]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Visualization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in vascular tissue using XμCT and histology , 2011, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[72]  D. Discher,et al.  Shape effects of filaments versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. , 2007, Nature nanotechnology.

[73]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Microcomputed tomography analysis of ferrofluids used for cancer treatment , 2008, Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal.

[74]  Francis C Szoka,et al.  Polyester dendritic systems for drug delivery applications: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. , 2002, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[75]  P Reichardt,et al.  Clinical experiences with magnetic drug targeting: a phase I study with 4'-epidoxorubicin in 14 patients with advanced solid tumors. , 1996, Cancer research.

[76]  Hongjie Dai,et al.  Supramolecular Chemistry on Water- Soluble Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Loading and Delivery , 2007 .

[77]  G. Newkome,et al.  Unimolecular micelles: supramolecular use of dendritic constructs to create versatile molecular containers , 2003 .

[78]  E. Meijer,et al.  Encapsulation of Guest Molecules into a Dendritic Box. , 1995 .

[79]  M. Prato,et al.  Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells. , 2006, Nano letters.

[80]  Francis C Szoka,et al.  Designing dendrimers for biological applications , 2005, Nature Biotechnology.

[81]  H. Maeda,et al.  A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. , 1986, Cancer research.

[82]  C. Gaillard,et al.  Carbon nanotube‐coupled cell adhesion peptides are non‐immunogenic: a promising step toward new biomedical devices , 2011, Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society.

[83]  C. J. Fecko,et al.  Novel therapeutic nano-particles (lipocores): trapping poorly water soluble compounds. , 2000, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[84]  B. Gates,et al.  An efficient method based on the photothermal effect for the release of molecules from metal nanoparticle surfaces. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[85]  Woo Dong Jang,et al.  Bioinspired application of dendrimers: From bio-mimicry to biomedical applications , 2009 .

[86]  H. Maeda,et al.  The EPR Effect and Polymeric Drugs: A Paradigm Shift for Cancer Chemotherapy in the 21st Century , 2005 .

[87]  Eun Seong Lee,et al.  Polymeric nanovehicles for anticancer drugs with triggering release mechanisms , 2007 .

[88]  Changchun Wang,et al.  Poly(methacrylic acid)‐Grafted Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Enhance Differentiation of hESCs into Neuronal Cells , 2010, Advanced materials.

[89]  Zhuang Liu,et al.  Supramolecular stacking of doxorubicin on carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer therapy. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[90]  T. Xu,et al.  Potential of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as drug carriers of camptothecin based on encapsulation studies. , 2008, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

[91]  P. Chow,et al.  Thermoresponsive core–shell magnetic nanoparticles for combined modalities of cancer therapy , 2009, Nanotechnology.

[92]  B. Nanjwade,et al.  Dendrimers: emerging polymers for drug-delivery systems. , 2009, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[93]  M. Neerman.  The efficiency of a PAMAM dendrimer toward the encapsulation of the antileukemic drug 6-mercaptopurine , 2007, Anti-cancer drugs.

[94]  Tao L Lowe,et al.  Thermoresponsive and biodegradable linear-dendritic nanoparticles for targeted and sustained release of a pro-apoptotic drug. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[95]  H. Dai,et al.  Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[96]  V. Torchilin,et al.  Drug targeting. , 2000, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[97]  R. Leapman,et al.  Distribution and clearance of PEG-single-walled carbon nanotube cancer drug delivery vehicles in mice. , 2010, Nanomedicine.

[98]  V. Torchilin.  Targeted pharmaceutical nanocarriers for cancer therapy and imaging , 2007, The AAPS Journal.

[99]  Joseph M. DeSimone,et al.  Reductively labile PRINT particles for the delivery of doxorubicin to HeLa cells. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[100]  M. Prato,et al.  Amino acid functionalisation of water soluble carbon nanotubes. , 2002, Chemical communications.

[101]  M. Prato,et al.  One-pot triple functionalization of carbon nanotubes. , 2011, Chemistry.

[102]  M. Prato,et al.  Synthesis, structural characterization, and immunological properties of carbon nanotubes functionalized with peptides. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[103]  M. Prato,et al.  Functional motor recovery from brain ischemic insult by carbon nanotube-mediated siRNA silencing , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[104]  H. Dai,et al.  Preparation of carbon nanotube bioconjugates for biomedical applications , 2009, Nature Protocols.

[105]  P. McFetridge,et al.  A composite SWNT–collagen matrix: characterization and preliminary assessment as a conductive peripheral nerve regeneration matrix , 2010, Journal of neural engineering.

[106]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[107]  R. Duncan,et al.  Dendrimer-platinate: a novel approach to cancer chemotherapy. , 1999, Anti-cancer drugs.

[108]  L. Zhang,et al.  Nanoparticles in Medicine: Therapeutic Applications and Developments , 2008, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[109]  R. Müller,et al.  Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy. Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[110]  Zhuang Liu,et al.  A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[111]  Y. Kim,et al.  Carbon nanotubes with high bone-tissue compatibility and bone-formation acceleration effects. , 2008, Small.

[112]  K Kostarelos,et al.  Promises, facts and challenges for carbon nanotubes in imaging and therapeutics. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[113]  Gustavo Helguera,et al.  The transferrin receptor part II: targeted delivery of therapeutic agents into cancer cells. , 2006, Clinical immunology.

[114]  Gert Storm,et al.  Surface modification of nanoparticles to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system , 1995 .

[115]  S. Wise.  Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy , 2007 .

[116]  Volker Wagner,et al.  The emerging nanomedicine landscape , 2006, Nature Biotechnology.

[117]  Q. Pankhurst,et al.  Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine , 2003 .

[118]  Trong-Ming Don,et al.  Synthesis of Chitosan-Based Thermo- and pH-Responsive Porous Nanoparticles by Temperature-Dependent Self-Assembly Method and Their Application in Drug Release , 2009 .

[119]  S. Jain,et al.  A PEGylated dendritic nanoparticulate carrier of fluorouracil. , 2003, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[120]  Selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres to the Yoshida sarcoma: ultrastructural evaluation of microsphere disposition. , 1983, European journal of cancer & clinical oncology.

[121]  H Heynemann,et al.  Detection and enrichment of disseminated renal carcinoma cells from peripheral blood by immunomagnetic cell separation , 2001, International journal of cancer.

[122]  W. E. Billups,et al.  Functionalization density dependence of single-walled carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity in vitro. , 2006, Toxicology letters.