Machine translation

This paper gives an intellectual overview of the field of machine translation of natural languages (MT). Now 50 years old, this field is one of the oldest nonnumerical applications of computers. Over the years, MT has been a focus of investigations by linguists, psychologists, philosophers, computer scientists, and engineers. It is not an exaggeration to state that early work on MT contributed very significantly to the development of such fields as computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and application-oriented natural language processing. Advances in Computers has followed the development of MT closely; a seminal article on MT by Yehoshua Bar Hillel was published in its very first issue. This paper surveys the history of MT research and development, briefly describes the crucial issues in MT, highlights some of the latest applications of MT, and assesses its current status.

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