The effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial translocation in rats with obstructive jaundice.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment on preventing bacterial translocation in an obstructive jaundice animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult rats were divided into five groups: group 1 - the sham-operated group; group 2 - the common bile duct ligation group; group 3 - the S. boulardii group; group 4 - the ampicillin-sulbaktam group; and group 5 - the S. boulardii plus ampicillin-sulbaktam group. The saline, antibiotics and S. boulardii were given, respectively, for a 7-day period as a single dose per day via temporary orogastric intubation. Seven days following the obstructive jaundice, the animal had laparatomy under sterile conditions. Segments of ileum were removed for histopathological examination. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken for microbiological culture. RESULTS Bacterial translocation rates were 0% in the sham-operated group, 83% in group 2, 42% in group 3, 42% in group 4 and 33% in group 5. Bacterial translocation significantly increased in group 2 compared to groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). The bacterial counts (CFU/g) of group 2 were significantly higher than those of groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). Histopathological examination of ileum specimens revealed a significant decrease in the heights of villi in groups 2-5 compared to the sham-operated group (P = 0.001). The mean villus height in groups 3 and 5 was significantly higher than that of group 4 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS S. boulardii was found to be effective in the successful control of translocation and improvement of intestinal barrier function.

[1]  K. Kamm,et al.  Effects of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii on the neurochemistry of myenteric neurones in pig jejunum , 2004, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

[2]  C. Surawicz,et al.  Prevention of beta-lactam-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii compared with placebo. , 1995, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[3]  Nonabsorbable Antibiotics Reduce Bacterial and Endotoxin Translocation in Hepatectomised Rats , 1997, HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery.

[4]  D. Gerding,et al.  Clostridium difficile--associated diarrhea. , 1998, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[5]  E. Bambirra,et al.  Dose effect of oral Saccharomyces boulardii treatments on morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed mice. , 1998, Journal of medical microbiology.

[6]  E. Sokal,et al.  Saccharomyces boulardii Enhances N-Terminal Peptide Hydrolysis in Suckling Rat Small Intestine by Endoluminal Release of a Zinc-Binding Metalloprotease , 2002, Pediatric Research.

[7]  A. Gaspari,et al.  Bacterial Translocation and Intestinal Morphological Findings in Jaundiced Rats , 2002, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[8]  R. Andersson,et al.  Bacterial translocation, intestinal ultrastructure and cell membrane permeability early after major liver resection in the rat , 1994, The British journal of surgery.

[9]  M. Craynest,et al.  Response of Human and Rat Small Intestinal Mucosa to Oral Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii , 1986, Pediatric Research.

[10]  E. Deitch,et al.  Bacterial translocation of the gut flora. , 1990, The Journal of trauma.

[11]  C. Vagianos,et al.  Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[12]  R. Simmons,et al.  Proposed mechanisms for the translocation of intestinal bacteria. , 1988, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[13]  C. Vagianos,et al.  Experimental obstructive jaundice disrupts intestinal mucosal barrier by altering occludin expression: beneficial effect of bombesin and neurotensin. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[14]  P. de Lagausie,et al.  Effects of oral Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial overgrowth, translocation, and intestinal adaptation after small-bowel resection in rats. , 2000, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[15]  A. Tünger,et al.  Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on bacterial translocation after experimental obstructive jaundice. , 2001, The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica.

[16]  Luciano G. Fietto,et al.  Intracellular Signal Triggered by Cholera Toxin inSaccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[17]  R. Parks,et al.  Changes in gastrointestinal morphology associated with obstructive jaundice , 2000, The Journal of pathology.

[18]  J. Buts,et al.  Stimulation of secretory IgA and secretory component of immunoglobulins in small intestine of rats treated withSaccharomyces boulardii , 1990, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[19]  M. Aldemir,et al.  Effects of octreotide acetate and Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial translocation in an experimental intestinal loop obstruction model of rats. , 2002, The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine.

[20]  E. Bambirra,et al.  Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii against experimental oral infection with Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri in conventional and gnotobiotic mice. , 1996, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[21]  Gregor Reid,et al.  Potential Uses of Probiotics in Clinical Practice , 2003, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[22]  İ. Kaleli,et al.  Effects of Antibiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Burn Injury , 2004, Surgery Today.

[23]  L. Mcfarland,et al.  Saccharomyces boulardii : A Review of an Innovative Biotherapeutic Agent , 2022 .

[24]  D. C. Cara,et al.  Saccharomyces boulardii stimulates sIgA production and the phagocytic system of gnotobiotic mice , 2000, Journal of applied microbiology.

[25]  R. Parks,et al.  Intestinal barrier dysfunction in clinical and experimental obstructive jaundice and its reversal by internal biliary drainage , 1996, The British journal of surgery.

[26]  M. Aldemir,et al.  Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, glutamine and polyclonal immunoglobulins on bacterial translocation in common bile duct ligated rats , 2003, ANZ journal of surgery.

[27]  R. Berg.  Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. , 1990, Trends in microbiology.

[28]  R. Berg,et al.  Immunosuppression and intestinal bacterial overgrowth synergistically promote bacterial translocation. , 1988, Archives of surgery.