Visual analysis of perceptual and cognitive processes

The success of visualization techniques depends on their support of perceptual and cognitive processes to perceive the graphically represented information. Apart from measuring accuracy rates of correctly given answers and completion times in user studies, eye tracking experiments provide an additional technique to analyze perceptual and cognitive processes of visual tasks. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach for studying structures of scan paths by visual means. We propose to annotate graphical elements with semantic information. This annotation allows us to analyze the fixation sequences on these annotated graphical elements with respect to reading processes, visual search strategies, and visual reasoning.

[1]  J M Findlay,et al.  A probability vector and transition matrix analysis of eye movements during visual search. , 1995, Acta psychologica.

[2]  D. S. Wooding,et al.  Fixation maps: quantifying eye-movement traces , 2002, ETRA.

[3]  Roy O. Freedle,et al.  Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Testing , 1990 .

[4]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  Visual scanning as a reference framework for interactive representation design , 2011, Inf. Vis..

[5]  M A Just,et al.  A theory of reading: from eye fixations to comprehension. , 1980, Psychological review.

[6]  Steven Pinker,et al.  A theory of graph comprehension. , 1990 .

[7]  Michael Burch,et al.  Visual Analytics Methodology for Eye Movement Studies , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[8]  Weidong Huang,et al.  A graph reading behavior: Geodesic-path tendency , 2009, 2009 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium.

[9]  Michael Burch,et al.  Visual task solution strategies in tree diagrams , 2013, 2013 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis).

[10]  C. Körner.  Eye movements reveal distinct search and reasoning processes in comprehension of complex graphs , 2011 .

[11]  Melanie Tory,et al.  eSeeTrack—Visualizing Sequential Fixation Patterns , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[12]  Laura Perini,et al.  The Truth in Pictures* , 2005, Philosophy of Science.

[13]  Darius Miniotas,et al.  Visualization of eye gaze data using heat maps , 2007 .

[14]  Michael Burch,et al.  Evaluation of Traditional, Orthogonal, and Radial Tree Diagrams by an Eye Tracking Study , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[15]  Thomas Ertl,et al.  Parallel scan-path visualization , 2012, ETRA.

[16]  Priti Shah,et al.  A Model of the Cognitive and Perceptual Processes in Graphical Display Comprehension , 1997 .

[17]  Sheriff Jolaoso,et al.  Scanpath comparison revisited , 2010, ETRA.

[18]  C. Trepagnier,et al.  Gaze data visualization tools: opportunities and challenges , 2004, Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004..

[19]  Sung-Hee Kim,et al.  Does an Eye Tracker Tell the Truth about Visualizations?: Findings while Investigating Visualizations for Decision Making , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[20]  John R. Anderson,et al.  Eye Movements Do Not Reflect Retrieval Processes , 2004, Psychological science.

[21]  John R Anderson,et al.  An integrated theory of the mind. , 2004, Psychological review.

[22]  Gerald L. Lohse,et al.  A Cognitive Model for Understanding Graphical Perception , 1993, Hum. Comput. Interact..

[23]  Michael J. Spivey,et al.  Guiding Attention Produces Inferences in Diagram-Based Problem Solving , 2002, Diagrams.

[24]  K. Rayner.  Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. , 1998, Psychological bulletin.

[25]  Alan Kennedy,et al.  Book Review: Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures , 2016, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.