Rethinking assessment from a critical perspective

This article examines language assessment from a critical perspective, defining critical in a manner similar to Pennycook (1999; 2001). I argue that alternative assessment, as distinct from testing, offers a partial response to the challenges presented by a critical perspective on language assessment. Shohamy’s (1997; 1999; 2001) critical language testing (CLT) is discussed as an adequate response to the critical challenge. Ultimately, I argue that important ethical questions, along with other issues of validity, will be articulated differently from a critical perspective than they are in the more traditional approach to language assessment.

[1]  A. Pennycook Introduction: Critical Approaches to TESOL. , 1999 .

[2]  E. Guba The alternative paradigm dialog. , 1990 .

[3]  Ana Huerta-Macias Methodology in Language Teaching: Alternative Assessment: Responses to Commonly Asked Questions , 2002 .

[4]  M. Volman,et al.  Getting Smart: Feminist Research and Pedagogy with/in the Postmodern , 1994 .

[5]  A. Pennycook Towards a Critical Applied Linguistics for the 1990s , 1990 .

[6]  M. Foucault,et al.  Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977 , 1980 .

[7]  Claire J. Kramsch,et al.  Context and Culture in Language Teaching , 1993 .

[8]  Howard Gardner,et al.  Chapter 2: To Use Their Minds Well: Investigating New Forms of Student Assessment , 1991 .

[9]  M. Birenbaum Assessment 2000: Towards a Pluralistic Approach to Assessment , 1996 .

[10]  Lyle F. Bachman 语言测试要略 = Fundamental considerations in language testing , 1990 .

[11]  Tom Carney Fourth Generation Evaluation , 1991 .

[12]  Lyle F. Bachman,et al.  语言测试实践 = Language testing in practice , 1998 .

[13]  M. Foucault The Subject and Power , 1982, Critical Inquiry.

[14]  E. Auerbach Reexamining English Only in the ESL Classroom , 1993 .

[15]  Bonny Norton Peirce Social Identity, Investment, and Language Learning* , 1995 .

[16]  T. McNamara Policy and Social Considerations in Language Assessment , 1998, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics.

[17]  L. Shepard The Place of Testing Reform in Educational Reform , 1993 .

[18]  Pamela A. Moss,et al.  Enlarging the Dialogue in Educational Measurement: Voices From Interpretive Research Traditions , 1996 .

[19]  Brian K. Lynch,et al.  Testcraft: A Teacher`s Guide to Writing and Using Language Test Specifications , 2001 .

[20]  E. Jephcott,et al.  Dialectic of Enlightenment , 2002 .

[21]  M. Dean Critical And Effective Histories: Foucault's Methods and Historical Sociology , 1994 .

[22]  R. Wodak Disorders of discourse , 1996 .

[23]  A. Parry Handbook of Qualitative Research , 2002 .

[24]  James W. Tollefson,et al.  Power and Inequality in Language Education , 1995 .

[25]  Brian Morgan,et al.  The ESL Classroom: Teaching, Critical Practice, and Community Development , 1998 .

[26]  A Huerta Macias ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT: RESPONSES TO COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS , 1995 .

[27]  J. Habermas,et al.  Knowledge and Human Interests. , 1973 .

[28]  A. Pennycook The Concept of Method, Interested Knowledge, and the Politics of Language Teaching , 1989 .

[29]  J. D. Brown,et al.  THE ALTERNATIVES IN LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT , 1998 .

[30]  Brian K. Lynch In search of the ethical test , 1997 .

[31]  Howard Gardner,et al.  To Use Their Minds Well: Investigating New Forms of Student Assessment , 1991 .

[32]  James Dean Brown,et al.  Designing Second Language Performance Assessments , 1998 .

[33]  Elana Shohamy,et al.  Critical language testing and beyond , 1998 .

[34]  A. Pennycook Critical Applied Linguistics , 2001 .

[35]  Pamela A. Moss,et al.  Can There Be Validity Without Reliability? , 1994 .