Noninvasive regional cerebral blood flow measurements in dementia.

Regional cerebral blood flow measured in patients with dementias (N = 60) using xenon Xe 133 inhalation was compared with measurements in health volunteers (N = 70). Volunteers were age-matched (N = 15); another group was younger. In normal aging, there is progressive, diffuse reduction of weight and flow of gray matter (F1) but not of white matter. Therefore, age-matched control subjects are necessary in studies of dementia. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), F1 shows bilateral and symmetrical reduction. The F1 reduction correlated with atrophy estimated by computerized tomography, and duration and severity of dementia. In multi-infarct dementia (MID), bilateral hemispheric F1 was patchily reduced. Cerebral vasodilator response to 5 percent carbon dioxide inhalation was reduced in patients with MID but was normal in patients with AD. Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff's dementia showed normal values. Patients with dementia due to multiple sclerosis showed significant F1 reduction compared with normal subjects. Standard behavioral activation in all patients with moderate to severe dementia failed to produce normal F1 increases.

[1]  M. Alter,et al.  Cerebral multiple sclerosis , 1971, Neurology.

[2]  W. Wilson,et al.  The influence of age, anesthesia and cerebral arteriosclerosis on cerebral vascular activity to CO2. , 1953, The American journal of medicine.

[3]  N. Lassen,et al.  Mental function and cerebral oxygen consumption in organic dementia. , 1957, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[4]  J. Olesen,et al.  Contralateral focal increase of cerebral blood flow in man during arm work. , 1971, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[5]  J. Olesen,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow and its regulation in dementia. , 1971, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[6]  S. Kety,et al.  Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in psychoses of senility. , 1951, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[7]  N. Lassen,et al.  Multi-infarct dementia. A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly. , 1974, Lancet.

[8]  F. Perez,et al.  Wais Performance of Neurologically Impaired Aged , 1975, Psychological reports.

[9]  A. Bessman,et al.  Cerebral hemodynamics in cerebral arteriosclerosis. , 1953, Journal of gerontology.

[10]  I. Feinberg,et al.  Bilateral studies of cerebral oxygen uptake in young and aged normal subjects and in patients with organic dementia. , 1960, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[11]  J. Bergin.  RAPIDLY PROGRESSING DEMENTIA IN DISSEMINATED SCLEROSIS , 1957, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[12]  S. Shimojyo,et al.  Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. , 1967, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[13]  D. Ingvar,et al.  REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN ORGANIC DEMENTIA WITH EARLY ONSET , 1970 .

[14]  N Veall,et al.  The measurement of regional cerebral clearance rates in man using xenon-133 inhalation and extracranial recording. , 1965, Clinical science.

[15]  D. Ingvar,et al.  Cognitive Reduction in Presenile Dementia Related to Regional Abnormalities of the Cerebral Blood Flow , 1976, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[16]  D. Stump,et al.  Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Statistical Patterns and Psychological Performance in Multi-Infarct Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease , 1977, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[17]  D. Ingvar,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow in senile and presenile dementia , 1970, Neurology.

[18]  F. Sakai,et al.  Normal and Abnormal Patterns of Cerebrovascular Reserve Tested by 133Xe Inhalation , 1978 .

[19]  N. Veall,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow determination by 133-Xe inhalation and external recording: the effect of arterial recirculation. , 1966, Clinical science.

[20]  S. Bentin,et al.  Correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and brain atrophy in dementia. Combined study with 133Xenon inhalation and computerised tomography. , 1978, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[21]  Alistair Burns,et al.  Observations on the brains of demented old people. B.E. Tomlinson, G. Blessed and M. Roth, Journal of the Neurological Sciences (1970) 11, 205–242; (1968) 7, 331–356 , 1997 .

[22]  S. Kety.  Human cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption as related to aging. , 1956, Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.

[23]  P. Scheinberg,et al.  Cerebral circulation and metabolism in multiple sclerosis; correlative observations by electroencephalography and psychodiagnostic testing. , 1953, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[24]  J Marshall,et al.  Cerebral blood flow in dementia. , 1975, Archives of neurology.

[25]  N. Geschwind.  Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. II. , 1965, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[26]  J. Risberg,et al.  Hemispheric specialization in normal man studied by bilateral measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow. A study with the 133-Xe inhalation technique. , 1975, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[27]  J Risberg,et al.  Patterns of activation in the grey matter of the dominant hemisphere during memorizing and reasoning. A study of regional cerebral blood flow changes during psychological testing in a group of neurologically normal patients. , 1973, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[28]  P. Roland,et al.  Focal increase of cerebral blood flow during stereognostic testing in man. , 1976, Archives of neurology.

[29]  J. Meyer,et al.  Noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in man , 1978 .