Resource, Arcadia, Lifeworld. Nature Concepts in Environmental Sociology
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In environmental sociology three strands of nature conceptualization can be distinguished: the resource, the ‘Arcadian’ and the constructionist approach. In the resource approach, the instrumental values of nature as a sustenance base are central, and social theory focuses on the way society can be geared to the conditions of sustainability as they are determined by natural science. In the ‘Arcadian’ approach, non-instrumental, aesthetic and ethical values are central, and social theory focuses primarily on the defense of these values.In the constructionist approach the values of nature, whether instrumental or non-instrumental, are investigated and criticized as social constructions. The article offers a tentative framework for bridging the gap between constructionism and the other nature approaches. As far as non-instrumental nature valuation is concerned, this framework puts an emphasis on lifeworld experiences of nature.