The generation of coherent submillimetre waves

Abstract Electromagnetic waves in the submillimetre spectrum (10–200 cm−1, 300–6000 GHz) have many current and potential applications of importance but the sources at present in use leave much to be desired. Optically-pumped gas lasers now give useful CW power levels at numerous submillimetre frequencies but they are not tunable. Electron-beam backward-wave oscillators designed for submillimetre frequencies demand extremely high precision of machining and alignment; such sources are available for the long-wave end of the submillimetre spectrum but they are currently too large and elaborate in operation for many of the important potential applications. Several methods of exploiting the phenomena of non-linear optics to down-convert the frequency of the signal generated by a tunable, optical or infra-red source have recently been demonstrated and several types of non-linear diode are known to be fast enough to give some output power at submillimetre harmonic frequencies when driven by a microwave oscillator...

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