Towards a reflexive turn: social marketing assemblages

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate why the time is ripe for a reflexive turn in social marketing, in response to criticisms of social marketing as neo-liberal, positivist and lacking critical introspection. Design/methodology/approach: The paper traces the development of three paradigms in the field, highlighting the entrenchment of a traditionalist paradigm that heretofore has stifled critical debate and reflexive practice. However, the emergence of social ecologist and critical social marketing paradigms has stimulated the imperative for a reflexive turn. Insights into reflexivity, its relevance and applicability for researchers, participants and other stakeholders in social marketing are considered. Findings: The paper offers a conceptualisation of social marketing assemblages using the lens of actor-network theory and identifies how this can stimulate engagement and reflexive practice for researchers, participants and other stakeholders (such as non-governmental organisations and Government departments involved in delivering programmes). Originality/value: The article presents relevant theoretical and practical benefits from a reflexive turn in social marketing, highlighting how this will furthermore contribute to discipline building. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

[1]  F. Guattari,et al.  A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia , 1980 .

[2]  M. Alvesson Critical theory and consumer marketing , 1994 .

[3]  Ross Gordon,et al.  Re-Thinking and Re-Tooling the Social Marketing Mix , 2012 .

[4]  Fiona. Spotswood,et al.  From the 4Ps to COM-SM: reconfiguring the social marketing mix , 2013 .

[5]  A. Palmer,et al.  The Social Construction of New Marketing Paradigms: The Influence of Personal Perspective , 2002 .

[6]  Mark J. Arnold,et al.  Counterculture, Criticisms, and Crisis: Assessing the Effect of the Sixties on Marketing Thought , 1996 .

[7]  Merrie Brucks,et al.  Introspection in Consumer Research: Implementation and Implications , 1993 .

[8]  Rebekah Russell–Bennett,et al.  A social marketing approach to value creation in a well-women's health service , 2011 .

[9]  A. Andreasen Ethics in Social Marketing , 2001 .

[10]  B. Latour Science in action : how to follow scientists and engineers through society , 1989 .

[11]  P. Kotler,et al.  The marketing of social causes: the first 10 years. , 1980, Journal of marketing.

[12]  L. Suggs,et al.  Theory and Model Use in Social Marketing Health Interventions , 2013, Journal of health communication.

[13]  Alan R. Andreasen,et al.  Marketing Social Marketing in the Social Change Marketplace , 2002 .

[14]  Andrew G. Parsons,et al.  Macro‐social marketing and social engineering: a systems approach , 2012 .

[15]  Stewart Clegg,et al.  Reflexivity in Organization and Management Theory: A Study of the Production of the Research `Subject' , 2001 .

[16]  G. Hastings,et al.  Public health or social impacts? A qualitative analysis of attitudes toward the smoke-free legislation in Scotland. , 2009, Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

[17]  M. Stead,et al.  Healthy Heroes, Magic Meals, and a Visiting Alien , 2013 .

[18]  Wiebe E. Bijker,et al.  Science in action : how to follow scientists and engineers through society , 1989 .

[19]  M. Lynch Against Reflexivity as an Academic Virtue and Source of Privileged Knowledge , 2000 .

[20]  C. Panter-Brick,et al.  A health equity critique of social marketing: where interventions have impact but insufficient reach. , 2013, Social science & medicine.

[21]  S. Dann Redefining social marketing with contemporary commercial marketing definitions , 2010 .

[22]  Amanda K. Hall,et al.  Transformative social marketing: co‐creating the social marketing discipline and brand , 2012 .

[23]  P. Crawshaw Governing at a distance: social marketing and the (bio) politics of responsibility. , 2012, Social science & medicine.

[24]  Kathy Hamilton,et al.  Exploring researcher vulnerability: Contexts, complications, and conceptualisation , 2013 .

[25]  E. Hirschman Ideology in Consumer Research, 1980 and 1990: A Marxist and Feminist Critique , 1993 .

[26]  M. Tadajewski Towards a history of critical marketing studies , 2010 .

[27]  R. Canniford,et al.  Non-representational marketing theory , 2014 .

[28]  Breaking it down: unpacking children’s lunchboxes , 2015 .

[29]  Rowena K. Merritt,et al.  Comprar Social Marketing and Public Health Theory and practice | Jeff French | 9780199550692 | Oxford University Press , 2009 .

[30]  Louise M. Hassan,et al.  The impact of smokefree legislation in Scotland: results from the Scottish ITC: Scotland/UK longitudinal surveys. , 2009, European journal of public health.

[31]  J. Ozanne,et al.  Taking It to the Streets: Methodological Challenges of Doing Transformative Consumer Research on Health , 2009 .

[32]  H. Priest,et al.  Use of reflexivity in a mixed-methods study. , 2013, Nurse researcher.

[33]  M. Catterall,et al.  Researching Vulnerability: What about the Researcher? , 2007 .

[34]  Bill Doolin,et al.  To reveal is to critique: actor–network theory and critical information systems research , 2002, J. Inf. Technol..

[35]  Teresa M. Pavia,et al.  The Reflexive Relationship between Consumer Behavior and Adaptive Coping , 2004 .

[36]  William Lazer,et al.  Social marketing: perspectives and viewpoints , 1973 .

[37]  Gregory T. Gundlach,et al.  Handbook of Marketing and Society , 2000 .

[38]  Gerard Hastings,et al.  Social Marketing: Why should the Devil have all the best tunes? , 2007 .

[39]  P. Cairney Using Devolution to Set the Agenda? Venue Shift and the Smoking Ban in Scotland , 2007 .

[40]  A. Spicer,et al.  Is Actor Network Theory Critique? , 2008 .

[41]  M. Goldberg Social Marketing: Are We Fiddling While Rome Burns? , 1995 .

[42]  Philip Kotler,et al.  Social Marketing: Influencing Behaviors for Good , 1989 .

[43]  Eric J. Arnould,et al.  Writing the differences: Poststructural ist pluralism, retextualization, and the construction of reflexive ethnographic narratives in consumption and market research , 1998 .

[44]  J. Hassard,et al.  Actor Network Theory and After , 1999 .

[45]  A Re-Inquiry on Re-Inquiries: A Postmodern Proposal for a Critical-Reflexive Approach , 2002 .

[46]  G. Hastings,et al.  Fear appeals in social marketing: Strategic and ethical reasons for concern , 2004 .

[47]  Ross Gordon Editorial : New ideas – fresh thinking : towards a broadening of the social marketing concept? , 2013 .

[48]  R. Gordon Critical social marketing: definition, application and domain , 2011 .

[49]  K. Peattie,et al.  Ready to Fly Solo? Reducing Social Marketing’s Dependence on Commercial Marketing Theory , 2003 .

[50]  Kathryn Angus,et al.  A systematic review of social marketing effectiveness , 2007 .

[51]  L. Smircich,et al.  Past Postmodernism? Reflections and Tentative Directions , 1999 .

[52]  Alan R. Andreasen,et al.  The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing , 2003 .

[53]  H. Cherrier,et al.  Framing social marketing as a system of interaction: A neo-institutional approach to alcohol abstinence , 2014 .

[54]  B. Latour Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory , 2005 .

[55]  Josephine Previte,et al.  Women’s Bodies as Sites of Control , 2013 .

[56]  Louise M Ryan,et al.  ‘Tick the Box Please’: A Reflexive Approach to Doing Quantitative Social Research , 2006 .

[57]  V. Fournier,et al.  At the Critical Moment: Conditions and Prospects for Critical Management Studies , 2000 .

[58]  S. Dibb,et al.  Social marketing transformed: Kotler, Polonsky and Hastings reflect on social marketing in a period of social change , 2013 .

[59]  Gerard Hastings,et al.  Relational Paradigms in Social Marketing , 2003 .

[60]  James Pfeiffer,et al.  Condom social marketing, Pentecostalism, and structural adjustment in Mozambique: a clash of AIDS prevention messages. , 2004, Medical anthropology quarterly.

[61]  S. Levy,et al.  Broadening the concept of marketing. , 1969, Journal of marketing.

[62]  Thomas W Miller,et al.  Reducing alcohol-impaired driving crashes through the use of social marketing. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[63]  Julie L. Ozanne,et al.  Alternative Ways of Seeking Knowledge in Consumer Research , 1988 .

[64]  A. Tapp,et al.  Some reasonable but uncomfortable questions about social marketing , 2012 .

[65]  H. Woodruffe-Burton,et al.  Working the limits of method: the possibilities of critical reflexive practice in marketing and consumer research , 2009 .

[66]  M. Callon Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay , 1984 .

[67]  Erica Brady,et al.  Paradigms at play and implications for validity in social marketing research , 2011 .

[68]  B. Latour On Recalling Ant , 1999 .

[69]  C. Hardy,et al.  Discourse Analysis: Investigating Processes of Social Construction , 2002 .

[70]  Clive Blair-Stevens,et al.  Social Marketing and Public Health: Theory and practice , 2009 .

[71]  R. Gordon Unlocking the potential of upstream social marketing , 2013 .

[72]  Reflections on a decade in social marketing , 2014 .

[73]  P. Chitakunye,et al.  Rich descriptions: Evoking informant self-reflexivity in marketing and consumer research , 2012 .

[74]  A. Tapp,et al.  Beyond persuasion: a cultural perspective of behaviour , 2013 .