in situ hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus infection in penile carcinomas: A tissue microarray study using classifier performance analyses

Objectives: Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of penile cancer in approximately 50% of the patients. The gold standard for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. However, technical requirements and associated costs preclude the worldwide use of PCR assays on a routine basis. Herein, we evaluated the predictive abilities of tumor morphology, immunohistochemistry for p16 INK4a expression, and in situ hybridization (ISH) for HR-HPV detection in defining HPV status, as established by PCR. Materials and methods: Tissue samples from 48 patients with HPV-positive penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were included in

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