A peritonitis model with low mortality and persisting intra‐abdominal abscesses

Intra‐abdominal abscesses are a potential source of recurrent or residual infection after surgical intervention for secondary peritonitis. The development of therapies requires a model which combines low mortality with the formation of persisting abscesses and which is also suitable to study the local inflammatory response. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of sterile rat faeces, increasing doses of E. coli (104−108 cfu/ml) and a fixed dose of B. Fragilis (104 cfu/ml). After one h a laparotomy was performed and the peritoneal cavity was debrided. Blood samples were taken under anaesthesia after 6 and 24 h. Abdominal fluid samples were collected (by laparotomy) after 24 and 72 h. The rats were killed after 5 days and the abdomen was inspected for abscesses. Mortality was 90% in the two groups with the highest doses of E. coli and 30% in those with the two lowest doses. In the latter groups all surviving rats but one showed intraabdominal abscesses and bacteremia was encountered frequently, especially after 24 h in the 105 cfu E. coli group. The groups receiving 104−106 cfu E. coli showed similar plasma IL‐6 concentrations after 6 h which were lowered significantly after 24 h. No circulating TNF‐α was found. Considerable concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10, were found in the peritoneal fluid after 24 h but no differences were observed between the contro groups and those receiving 104−106 cfu E. coli. At 72 h cytokine levels were reduced significantly and remained the highest in the animals dosed with 106 cfu E. coli. The present model is suitable to study the mechanisms involved in, and prevention of, intra‐abdominal abscess formation after surgical treatment of generalized peritonitis.