Pile capacity by direct CPT and CPTu methods applied to 102 case histories

Six methods to determine axial pile capacity directly from cone penetration test (CPT) data are presented, discussed, and compared. Five of the methods are CPT methods that apply total stress and a filtered arithmetic average of cone resistance. One is a recently developed method, CPTu, that considers pore-water pressure and applies an unfiltered geometric average of cone resistance. To determine unit shaft resistance, the new method uses a new soil profiling chart based on CPTu data. The six methods are applied to 102 case histories combining CPTu data and capacities obtained in static loading tests in compression and tension. The pile capacities range from 80 to 8000 kN. The soil profiles range from soft to stiff clay, medium to dense sand, and mixtures of clay, silt, and sand. The pile embedment lengths range from 5 to 67 m and the pile diameters range from 200 to 900 mm. The new CPTu method for determining pile capacity demonstrates better agreement with the capacity determined in a static loading test and less scatter than by CPT methods.

[1]  Michael W. O'Neill,et al.  FIELD STUDY OF PILE GROUP ACTION , 1981 .

[2]  John B. Kennedy,et al.  Basic statistical methods for engineers and scientists , 1966 .

[3]  J. Konrad,et al.  Bearing capacity of friction piles in marine clay , 1987 .

[4]  Tom Lunne,et al.  Use of the piezocone test to predict the axial capacity of driven and jacked piles in clay , 1996 .

[5]  A. Balla.  Bearing Capacity of Foundations , 1962 .

[6]  P. K. Robertson,et al.  Current status of the piezocone test : Proc 1st International Symposium on Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1, Orlando, 20–24 March 1988 V1, P93–116. Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1988 , 1990 .

[7]  Bengt H. Fellenius,et al.  Axial load transfer for piles in sand. II. Numerical analysis , 1992 .

[8]  Peter K. Robertson,et al.  Use of Piezometer Cone Data , 1986 .

[9]  P. K. Robertson,et al.  Soil classification using the cone penetration test: Reply , 1991 .

[10]  G. G. Meyerhof.  Scale Effects of Ultimate Pile Capacity , 1983 .

[11]  Ronald L. Richman,et al.  Comparison of measured pile capacity to pile capacity predictions made using electronic cone penetration data , 1989 .

[12]  P. Robertson.  Soil classification using the cone penetration test , 1990 .

[13]  G. G. Meyerhof.  Penetration Tests and Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils , 1956 .

[14]  Omar Mohammed Alsamman.  The use of CPT for calculating axial capacity of drilled shafts , 1995 .

[15]  R A Hawkins,et al.  PILE GROUP PREDICTION SYMPOSIUM: SUMMARY. VOLUME I: SANDY SOIL , 1987 .

[16]  J Biarez,et al.  BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF PILE FOUNDATIONS , 1977 .

[17]  Bengt H. Fellenius,et al.  UNIFIED DESIGN OF PILES AND PILE GROUPS , 1988 .

[18]  E. Beer,et al.  The Scale Effect in the Transposition of the Results of Deep-sounding Tests on the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Piles and Caisson Foundations , 1963 .

[19]  J. Douglas Faires,et al.  Numerical Analysis , 1981 .

[20]  Hksp Begemann.  The use of the static soil Penetrometer in Holland , 1963 .

[21]  G G Mayerhof,et al.  Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundations , 1976 .

[22]  John H. Schmertmann,et al.  GUIDELINES FOR CONE PENETRATION TEST. (PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN) , 1978 .

[23]  Paul A. Tarvin,et al.  Piles for Marquette University Math Building , 1993 .

[24]  Donald R. Snethen,et al.  Comparison of Settlement Predictions for Single Piles in Sand Based on Penetration Test Results , 1994 .

[25]  Tadao Hirano,et al.  Performance of Axially Loaded Steel Pipe Piles Driven in Soft Rock , 1995 .

[26]  Mehmet T. Tumay,et al.  Pile Capacity in Soft Clays Using Electric QCPT Data , 1981 .

[27]  Richard J. Finno,et al.  Subsurface Conditions and Pile Installation Data: 1989 Foundation Engineering Congress Test Section , 1989 .

[28]  Keith D. Tucker.  Uplist Capacity of Pile Foundations Using CPT Data , 1986 .

[29]  G. G. Meyerhof.  The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foudations , 1951 .

[30]  Bengt H. Fellenius,et al.  Axial load transfer for piles in sand. I. Tests on an instrumented precast pile , 1992 .

[31]  José Henrique Albiero,et al.  Sucessive load tests on bored piles , 1995 .

[32]  Tung-Li Yen,et al.  Interpretation of Instrumented Driven Steel Pipe Piles , 1989 .

[33]  G. E. Horvitz,et al.  Comparison of Predicted and Observed Pile Capacity , 1981 .

[34]  F. L. Beringen,et al.  Pile foundations for large North Sea structures , 1979 .

[35]  Jean-Louis Briaud,et al.  Analysis of Pile Load Tests at Lock and Dam 26 , 1989 .

[36]  S Plesiotis,et al.  Instrumented Dynamic and Static Pile Load Testing at Two Bridge Sites , 1988 .

[37]  James H. Long,et al.  Drilled Shafts—A Database Approach , 1989 .