Rippenosteosynthesen – funktionsverbessernd?

Zusammenfassung Diese Übersicht vergleicht anhand der aktuellen Literatur funktionelle Ergebnisse nach operativer und konservativer Therapie bei Patienten mit instabilem Thorax und Rippenserienfrakturen. Unter funktionellen Gesichtspunkten profitieren Patienten vor allem in der frühen Phase nach einem Thoraxtrauma von einer Rekonstruktion der Brustwand durch Rippenosteosynthesen. Schneller als bei konservativ behandelten Patienten bilden sich restriktive Ventilationsstörungen und Schmerzen zurück. Operierte Patienten nehmen früher wieder ihre Arbeit auf. Mittelfristig erreichen Patienten aber auch ohne eine Operation normale Lungenfunktionswerte und werden schmerzfrei. Die Dauer der Rekonvaleszenz nach stumpfen Thoraxtraumata wird generell unterschätzt. Zukünftige Untersuchungen der funktionellen Ergebnisse nach schweren Thoraxverletzungen sollten dies berücksichtigen und die Entwicklung funktioneller Parameter über mindestens 24 Monate verfolgen. Eine prospektive Erfassung von Früh- und Langzeitergebnissen in Registern würde sich eignen, um den Nutzen und die Indikationen für die Rippenosteosynthese zu bewerten.

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