Domain transfer via cross-domain analogy

Analogical learning has long been seen as a powerful way of extending the reach of one's knowledge. We present the domain transfer via analogy (DTA) method for learning new domain theories via cross-domain analogy. Our model uses analogies between pairs of textbook example problems, or worked solutions, to create a domain mapping between a familiar and a new domain. This mapping allows us to initialize a new domain theory. After this initialization, another analogy is made between the domain theories themselves, providing additional conjectures about the new domain. We present two experiments in which our model learns rotational kinematics by an analogy with translational kinematics, and vice versa. These learning rates outperform those from a version of the system that is incrementally given the correct domain theory.

[1]  Dedre Gentner,et al.  Why we’re so smart , 2003 .

[2]  Kenneth D. Forbus Qualitative Process Theory , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[3]  Arthur B. Markman,et al.  Analogical Reasoning and Conceptual Change: A Case Study of Johannes Kepler , 1997 .

[4]  Kai-Uwe Kühnberger,et al.  Metaphors and heuristic-driven theory projection (HDTP) , 2006, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[5]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Companion Cognitive Systems: A Step towards Human-Level AI , 2004, AI Mag..

[6]  Boicho Kokinov,et al.  The Mechanisms of Episode Construction and Blending in DUAL and AMBR 117 THE MECHANISMS OF EPISODE CONSTRUCTION AND BLENDING IN DUAL AND AMBR : INTERACTION BETWEEN MEMORY AND ANALOGY , 2003 .

[7]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  MAC/FAC: A Model of Similarity-Based Retrieval , 1995, Cogn. Sci..

[8]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  A Theory of Rerepresentation in Analogical Matching , 2003 .

[9]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  A Computational Model of Analogical Problem Solving , 1981, IJCAI.

[10]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Making SME greedy and pragmatic , 2006 .

[11]  Angela Schwering,et al.  Learning from Inconsistencies in an Integrated Cognitive Architecture , 2008, AGI.

[12]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  Analogy Events: How Examples are Used During Problem Solving , 1998, Cogn. Sci..

[13]  Harry F. Olson,et al.  Solutions of Engineering Problems by Dynamical Analogies , 1967 .

[14]  Jon Whittle,et al.  Analogy in Inductive Theorem Proving , 2004, Journal of Automated Reasoning.

[15]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Strategy Variations in Analogical Problem Solving , 2006, AAAI.

[16]  Randolph M. Jones,et al.  Cascade Explains and Informs the Utility of Fading Examples to Problems , 2001 .

[17]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Exploring analogy in the large , 2000 .

[18]  Michael J. Witbrock,et al.  An Introduction to the Syntax and Content of Cyc , 2006, AAAI Spring Symposium: Formalizing and Compiling Background Knowledge and Its Applications to Knowledge Representation and Question Answering.

[19]  Brian Falkenhainer,et al.  The Structure-Mapping Engine: Algorithm and Examples , 1989, Artif. Intell..

[20]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Measuring the Level of Transfer Learning by an AP Physics Problem-Solver , 2007, AAAI.

[21]  Rand J. Spiro,et al.  Multiple analogies for complex concepts: antidotes for analogy-induced misconception in advanced knowledge acquisition , 1988 .

[22]  Bob J. Wielinga,et al.  Model-based reasoning about learner behaviour , 2000, Artif. Intell..

[23]  D. Gentner,et al.  Cultural models in language and thought: How people construct mental models , 1987 .

[24]  Brian Falkenhainer,et al.  The Structure-Mapping Engine * , 2003 .

[25]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  Rule-Learning Events in the Acquisition of a Complex Skill: An Evaluation of Cascade , 1999 .

[26]  D. Gentner,et al.  Flowing waters or teeming crowds: Mental models of electricity , 1982 .

[27]  Dedre Gentner,et al.  Structure-Mapping: A Theoretical Framework for Analogy , 1983, Cogn. Sci..

[28]  Angela Schwering,et al.  Analogy as Integrating Framework for Human-Level Reasoning , 2008, AGI.

[29]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  Derivational Analogy in PRODIGY: Automating Case Acquisition, Storage, and Utilization , 1993, Machine Learning.

[30]  Janet L. Kolodner,et al.  Case-Based Reasoning , 1989, IJCAI 1989.

[31]  D. Gentner,et al.  Language in Mind: Advances in the Study of Language and Thought , 2003 .

[32]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Building Problem Solvers , 1993 .

[33]  D. Holland,et al.  Cultural models in language and thought: An appraisal , 1987 .

[34]  K. Holyoak,et al.  Analogical problem solving , 1980, Cognitive Psychology.

[35]  Kurt VanLehn,et al.  A model of the self-explanation effect. , 1992 .

[36]  Tolga Könik,et al.  Achieving Far Transfer in an Integrated Cognitive Architecture , 2008, AAAI.

[37]  Kenneth D. Forbus,et al.  Companion Cognitive Systems: Design Goals and Some Lessons Learned , 2008, AAAI Fall Symposium: Naturally-Inspired Artificial Intelligence.

[38]  Douglas C. Giancoli Physics: Principles with Applications , 1999 .

[39]  Paul Thagard,et al.  A computational model of analogical problem solving , 1989 .

[40]  A. Ortony,et al.  Similarity and Analogical Reasoning , 1991 .