Mantle convection model with a dynamic plate: topography, heat flow and gravity anomalies

SUMMARY Surface observables have been calculated for a numerical convection model that includes a dynamic plate; that is, a stiff but mobile section of the upper boundary layer that is driven entirely by internal buoyancy forces. The results for heat flux and topography are virtually identical to those obtained from a partially kinematic model in which plate mobility results from an imposed horizontal velocity on the top surface. These results confirm the validity of the partially kinematic approach, which has been used previously. The partially kinematic approach is more efficient, computationally.