Ultrathin Second‐Harmonic Metasurfaces with Record‐High Nonlinear Optical Response

where ω, n ω , I ω (2 ω, n 2ω , I 2ω ) are the fundamental (secondharmonic) frequency, refractive index, and intensity, respectively, eff (2) χ is the effective nonlinear susceptibility for a particular input–output polarization combination, E ω is the pump electric fi eld, λ 2ω is the second harmonic (SH) wavelength, and we have used the undepleted pump approximation. [ 11,12 ] Equation ( 1) shows that, in order to provide high nonlinear conversion effi ciency in fi lms of subwavelength thickness, we need to have | | eff (2) χ ω E ≈ 1 or, in other words, the nonlinear polarization (2) 0 (1) ε χ = ω ω P E E must become comparable to the linear one

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