Extending the extended mind: the case for extended affectivity

Abstract The thesis of the extended mind (ExM) holds that the material underpinnings of an individual’s mental states and processes need not be restricted to those contained within biological boundaries: when conditions are right, material artefacts can be incorporated by the thinking subject in such a way as to become a component of her extended mind. Up to this point, the focus of this approach has been on phenomena of a distinctively cognitive nature, such as states of dispositional belief, and processes of planning and calculation. In this paper, we aim to expand the scope of ExM by considering the case for extended affectivity. We begin by clarifying the central commitments of ExM, before investigating its applicability to a range of affective phenomena, both dispositional and occurrent. We argue that proponents of ExM should also accept that the vehicles of emotions, moods, sentiments, temperaments, and character traits can extend beyond skull and skin.

[1]  In search of clarity about parity , 2011 .

[2]  D. Weiskopf Patrolling the Mind’s Boundaries , 2008 .

[3]  C. D. Broad,et al.  Emotion and Sentiment , 1954 .

[4]  A. Clark Supersizing the Mind , 2008 .

[5]  J. Sutton Exaograms and Interdisciplinarity: history, the extended mind, and the civilizing process , 2006 .

[6]  P. Robbins,et al.  The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition , 2001 .

[7]  F. Adams,et al.  Defending the bounds of cognition , 2010 .

[8]  Dave Ward Enjoying the Spread: Conscious Externalism Reconsidered , 2012 .

[9]  G. Harman,et al.  The Nonexistence of Character Traits , 2000 .

[10]  A. Clark,et al.  The Extended Mind , 1998, Analysis.

[11]  Zdravko Radman,et al.  The hand, an organ of the mind : what the manual tells the mental , 2013 .

[12]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Motion and Emotion: Emotion Processing in Quadriplegic Patients and Athletes , 2005 .

[13]  Evan Thompson,et al.  The Feeling Body: Toward an Enactive Approach to Emotion , 2007 .

[14]  J. Adam Carter,et al.  Varieties of externalism , 2014 .

[15]  Andy Clark,et al.  Curing Cognitive Hiccups: A Defense Of The Extended Mind , 2007 .

[16]  A. Clark,et al.  Books , 2004, INTR.

[17]  R. Gibbs Embodiment and Cognitive Science: Concepts , 2005 .

[18]  R. Solomon True to our feelings : what our emotions are really telling us , 2007 .

[19]  Willis F. Overton,et al.  Developmental Perspectives on Embodiment and Consciousness , 2008 .

[20]  K. Scherer The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model , 2009 .

[21]  Andy Clark,et al.  Edinburgh Research Explorer Spreading the Joy? Why the Machinery of Consciousness is (Probably) Still in the Head , 2013 .

[22]  A. Stephan,et al.  Emotions beyond brain and body , 2014 .

[23]  Andy Clark,et al.  Finding the Mind , 2011 .

[24]  M. Rowlands Extended cognition and the mark of the cognitive , 2009 .

[25]  Andy Clark,et al.  Dreaming the Whole Cat: Generative Models, Predictive Processing, and the Enactivist Conception of Perceptual Experience , 2012 .

[26]  J. Pennebaker Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process , 1997 .

[27]  Robert A. Wilson,et al.  How to situate cognition: Letting nature take its course , 2009 .

[28]  Joel Krueger,et al.  Seeing mind in action , 2012 .

[29]  Aizawa Andy Clark,et al.  Coupling, Constitution and the Cognitive Kind: A Reply to Adam and Aizawa , 2006 .

[30]  M. Nussbaum,et al.  Upheavals of Thought: The Romantic Ascent: Emily Brontë , 2001 .

[31]  Jeff Yoshimi,et al.  Active internalism and open dynamical systems , 2012 .

[32]  F. Teroni,et al.  The Emotions : A Philosophical Introduction , 2012 .

[33]  F. Adams,et al.  The bounds of cognition , 2001 .

[34]  Fred Adams,et al.  The value of cognitivism in thinking about extended cognition , 2010 .

[35]  Ann Senghas,et al.  The effects of BOTOX injections on emotional experience. , 2010, Emotion.

[36]  Andy Clark,et al.  Memento’s Revenge: The Extended Mind, Extended , 2004 .

[37]  T. Roberts,et al.  Taking responsibility for cognitive extension , 2012 .

[38]  Lawrence A. Shapiro Embodied Cognition , 2010 .

[39]  Robert D. Rupert Challenges to the Hypothesis of Extended Cognition , 2004 .

[40]  J. Sutton Distributed cognition: domains and dimensions , 2006 .

[41]  G. Ryle,et al.  心的概念 = The concept of mind , 1962 .

[42]  K. Scherer,et al.  Handbook of affective sciences. , 2003 .

[43]  Z. Kunda,et al.  Social Cognition: Making Sense of People , 1999 .

[44]  A Contextual Account of Character Traits , 2005 .

[45]  R. Desousa The Rationality of Emotion , 1990 .

[46]  Sean Allen-Hermanson Superdupersizing the mind: extended cognition and the persistence of cognitive bloat , 2013 .

[47]  Richard Menary Cognitive Integration and the Extended Mind , 2010 .

[48]  Kim Sterelny,et al.  Minds: extended or scaffolded? , 2010 .

[49]  D. Wesling,et al.  Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions , 2003 .

[50]  P. Niedenthal Embodying Emotion , 2007, Science.

[51]  Sergio F. Martínez,et al.  “Scaffolding” and “affordance” as integrative concepts in the cognitive sciences , 2014 .

[52]  Tom Cochrane,et al.  Expression and Extended Cognition , 2008 .

[53]  A. Clark,et al.  Introduction: Mind Embodied, Embedded, Enacted: One Church or Many? , 2009 .

[54]  A. Ben-Ze'ev The Subtlety of Emotions , 2000 .

[55]  J. Russell Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. , 2003, Psychological review.

[56]  Peter Goldie,et al.  The Emotions: A Philosophical Exploration , 2000 .

[57]  Robert C. Solomon,et al.  The Passions: Emotions and the Meaning of Life , 1976 .

[58]  P. Goldie The Oxford handbook of philosophy of emotion , 2009 .

[59]  L. F. Barrett,et al.  Knowing what you're feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation , 2001 .

[60]  Martha C. Nussbaum Upheavals of Thought: Frontmatter , 2001 .

[61]  M. Wheeler Is Cognition Embedded or Extended? The Case of Gestures , 2013 .